Wall street Journal opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wall street Journal opinion Article - Essay Example However, latest research findings indicate different outcomes. They reveal that increasing the minimum wage does not seem to lower employment. This has challenged the typical model of the effect increase in minimum wage. An increasing set of academic papers show that increase in minimum wage does not notably decrease employment among fast-food workers and teens. For instance, following a 25 percent increase in minimum wage in San Jose, California, there was no result in the area’s fast food franchise which led to suspension of employment. According to an article in Wall Street Journal, a ballot initiative in 2012 which was started by San Jose State University students led to a 2 dollar increase in minimum wage in the city. It was expected that this would result into job losses. However, data reveals that this was not the case (Morath 1). Employment in the fast-food industry increased after higher wages were in place. By the beginning of 2014, the pace of increase in employment in San Jose region was still more than the improvement in the whole state of California. Almost half of the minimum wage employees are hired in food service (Morath 1). San Jose city accounts for approximately half the population in the metro region, which comprises of Santa Clara and Sunnyvale. The minimum wage rate is said to be $8 in those neighboring cities. These results are far from conclusive. They still appear to fit researches that established that minimum wage increases at a local area have not resulted in notable job losses in fast-food restaurants (Morath 1). Prior researches in contrast to the recent findings concluded that 10% rise in the minimum wage decreased teen employment by 1 to 3 percent. The reasons that are offered for these new controversial findings consist of problematic methodologies, poor data and the likelihood of monopoly power. Employers

Antony and Cleopatra Essay Example for Free

Antony and Cleopatra Essay Explore the presentation and effects of love in Antony and Cleopatra Antony and Cleopatra is Shakespeares peculiarly fluid and intimate historical retelling of the love tale of the Roman soldier, Mark Antony, and the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. The male protagonist, Antony, is a noble Roman soldier. That being so Shakespeare introduces him as having many cultural personality traits which in this play are affected, alongside with his judgement, by the love he feels for Cleopatra. From the outset of the play, the audience can see that Antonys judgment has been affected by love. This can be observed from the people in Antonys company. While it is obvious they regard him as a powerful figure they also disapprove of his relationship with Cleopatra. The audience can see this from Philos description of Antonys dotage that Oerflows the measure (1, 1, 2)1. This shows that his obsession with Cleopatra surpasses a sensible level. Philo says that Antonys heart has become the bellows and the fan/ To cool a gypsys lust. (1, 1, 7-10)2 This shows that some of his former greatness has gone as he has been degraded to serving, what others see as a gypsy. In addition to this the word gypsy also reinforces the Romans disapproval of their relationship as gypsy would give the audience connotations of a promiscuous woman. However moments before this Antony is described to have goodly eyes (1, 1, 2)3 which glowed like plated Mars (1, 1, 4)4. Philos reference to Mars the powerful Roman God of war, presents Antony as a powerful, invulnerable God-like being. However this is a demonstration of hyperbole as the reader knows that Antony, no matter how magnificent, is still a fragile and breakable mortal. This use of hyperbole adds humor to the play as the reader identifies the exaggeration and knows that Antony is mortal. This description enables us to see the vivid change in Antonys judgement. As the play progresses the audience can further observe the deterioration of Antonys greatness mainly because of awful decisions made by his affected judgement. This mainly happens because he struggles with the choice of whether to devote himself to a life of work, or a life of love. As a powerful Roman military leader and one of the three Roman rulers Antony should have extremely strong work ethics and ideologies, which in turn means any decisions he makes should favour work and responsibility. However this is not the case and his judgement is often affected by his feeling for Cleopatra. In turn this dramatically affects his actions, which contradicts with his ethics of work and responsibility: Let Rome in Tiber melt, and the wide arch of the ranged empire fall (1, 1, 33-4)5. Antony expresses his love for Cleopatra by saying he does not care if the Roman Empire falls. This shows the height of Antonys love for her and the great deal that she has affected his judgement. This is more so as although this comment rejects Rome it also shows its greatness. As Antony is one of three rulers of Rome it should be his primary concern to uphold the Roman Empire rather than dismissing it for love. In addition to this Antony describes the empire as having a wide arch this metaphor illustrates to the audience that he believes that the Roman Empire is strong and will remain strong without him. Thus he can have a more pleasurable and relaxed lifetime. This quotation is also suggestive of Antonys highly regarded position in the triumvirate. This is reveled due to Shakespeares use of the literary technique of iambic pentameter. As it is very complex to write in it enhances the importance of his speech, this is done primarily because he is stating his passion for Cleopatra which he believes is more important than anything else. During Act 3 Antony catches Thidias kissing Cleopatras hand. His jealousy enrages him and he commands his men to Take hence this Jack and whip him (3, 13, 94)6. This is less noble as he displays irrational behavior and angry which are seen as Egyptian traits rather than Roman cultural traits, as Romans are precise, measurable and rational. His treatment of Thidias can be seen as an Egyptian trait mainly because it recalls Cleopatras similar treatment to the messenger in Act 2 scene 5 as she also says: Thou shall be whipped (2, 5, 65)7. This again shows irrationality due to love, which both the lovers share. This parallel implies a similarity in their passionate temperament that can be provoked beyond self control. In turn this shows their height of passion as they both are envious and irrationally jealous, which displays the intensity of their love. In addition to this the lack of self control demonstrated by Antony shows his affect of judgment as Romans see self control as an act of responsibly, which is held just as high as their ethics of work. Despite Antonys less than accurate judgment in previous scenes he is still a Roman at heart and shows certain aspects which benefits Rome and the notion of work. Antony experiences a major emotional struggle when he marries Caesars sister Octavia. Antony participates in the marriage for political reasons hoping to cement himself to his responsibilities. However, he was still caught in a struggle between Rome and Egypt.

Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams's play A Streetcar Named Desire contains more within it's characters, situations, and story than appears on its surface. Joseph Krutch, author of Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Streetcar Named Desire wrote, â€Å"The authors perceptions remain subtle and delicate†¦ The final impression left is, surprisingly enough not of sensationalism but of subtlety† (38.) As in many of Williams's plays deeper meanings are understood only through close examination of each scene. The reader must ask him or herself as they go whether or not something might lend more than what lies on the surface. The tone is set immediately in scene one when Blanche begins by telling Eunice, â€Å"They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at—Elysian Fields!† (15) Here you can clearly see that Tennessee is not meaning these places literally, rather they are symbolic of the stages Blanche will follow throughout the play. She first takes, â€Å"a street-car named desire† when she falls for her lost love -----, and afterwards, plagued by her own inadequacies Blanche escapes her harsh world by giving herself freely to other men; strangers. Even her behavior toward Stanley is littered with telltale slips, â€Å"—the part blanche talks in French to Stanley saying that she wants him or something.† After desire Blanche transfers â€Å"to (a streetcar) called Cemeteries.† One can see where the â€Å"Cemeteries† might lie in Blanches life. It seems that every time desi re fails Blanche is somehow left unprotected, cold and alone. In scene five Blanches drink, â€Å"foams over and spills on her pretty white skirt,† (80) warning the reader of what lies ahead. Finally Blanche is to get off at â€Å"Elysian Fields,† which makes it very clear that an eventual loss on Blanches part is inevitable. Joseph Krutch writes, â€Å"Though there is in the play a certain haunting dream-like or rather nightmarish quality, the break with reality is never quite made, and nothing happens which might not be an actual event.† How true on not only Blanches part, but each of the characters. The play is so raw and in-your-face that it almost takes on qualities of a fantasy, especially at the time of its debut. But Tennessee was able to create a play that rather expertly walked the fine line between illusion and reality; a task not easily accomplished.

The Value of the University Maintenance Staff :: Informative Essays

Beep, beep, beep, smack. You wish you could hit the snooze button on your alarm because it’s 5 o’clock on a Monday morning. Part of you wants to sleep a few more hours, but the other part tells you it’s time to go to work. You eat breakfast, kiss your family goodbye, and arrive at the University campus in time to start your shift at 7 a.m. After seeing the friendly faces of your co-workers and friends on staff, you think to yourself, â€Å"Maybe today won’t be so bad after all.† Your mood changes when you see the mess that has been accumulating in the bathrooms over the weekend. Once you’ve opened the door, you grimace as you are taken aback by a familiar stench which you’ve come to recognize as a combination of alcohol, vomit, urine, and smelly garbage. The trash bag looks nearly empty, as it appears that most of the trash never made it there. In the girls’ bathrooms, the feminine disposals are overflowing, and there is hair all over the floor and in the showers. In the boys’ bathrooms, the showerheads are missing, the drains are clogged, and you sigh as you dread looking into the bathroom stalls. Sure enough, one toilet is completely clogged, another one is plastered with vomit, most likely from someone’s poor decision to drink the night before, and the floor of the third stall is covered with wet toilet paper, a mess that you’re not surprised to find after looking in the first two stalls. What seems like hours later, once the bathrooms are spotless again, students begin to come in to use the showers and restrooms, unaware of the mess that was there a few hours earlier. The students have failed to realize the mess that was left, because they have taken for granted that the bathrooms will be clean when they use them. As the students shower, you return to the utility closet to grab the tools you need for your next chore. You are stunned when you read the obscene message a student left for you on your dry erase board. You feel like this is a slap in the face after you just spent your whole morning cleaning up their messes. Though this description is hypothetical, these events are based on stories told by JMU housekeeping employees.

Germany, 1918-1945 – Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was the first peace keeping treaty after the First World War. Its aims were to demilitarise, claim compensation and to keep peace with Germany. The signing of the treaty was humiliating and a great embarrassment for Germany and therefore Germany wasn't represented. It was only the victors who attended. In the end, Germany resulted in a great loss of land. Germany also had to pay for the damage it had caused. These were called Respiration Payments, which were instalments of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6600 million. They couldn't pay it because their land had been taken away and had loses to amend, too. Because of this, Germany had to print more money to pay the instalments. Money then lost its value, which led to hyperinflation. Germany's armed forces were cut to 100,000 people; the navy was allowed 6 battleships and no U-boats. They weren't allowed to have an airforce at all. Of course, this upset Germany's armed forces as the majority of them were laid off. This all Helped Hitler's rise to power because the armed forces were out of jobs and Hitler promised reforms of change to put it straight which encouraged the armed forces to vote for him. Not only was it the armed forces who were angry and frustrated but so too was the general public who felt humiliated and vulnerable for reduction of armed f orces and all the other terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Therefore, Hitler was able to build on that. When writing ‘Mein Kampf' (My Struggle) Hitler used the depression and economic difficulties on communists and Jews as a scapegoat. This fed into that the Treaty of Versailles gave something for him to use his oratory skills towards. Question 2. Long-term is something that has been going on over a long period of time. Short term is a trigger effect. It's something that sparks it of. A short-term effect that contributed to Hitler's rise to power is that the Enabling Law was passed in 1933. This allowed Hitler to do basically anything including the more important element of outlawing opposition. Therefore the Nazi would be the only political party in Germany. This had a dramatic effect in a short period of time as Hitler then came to power in 1934-one year after being promoted to Chancellor. This proved himself to be a dominant and powerful character for the job-just what Germany needed. This is good as Germany felt humiliated after the First World War and then the Treaty of Versailles and needed someone, like Hitler, to regain Germany's strength and self-control. This obviously would tie in with the long-term effects. The Reichstag Fire was also a short-term effect. After studying previous work on the Reichstag Fire, I have come to the conclusion that Hitler started the fire on purpose in order to gain the public vote. This benefited Hitler and contributed to his rise to power as he denied lighting the fire and instead, insisted it was a communist plot as a scapegoat. It got the public thinking that if communists are the cause of the Reichstag Fire then they could quite possibly be the blame of Germany's other problems, like Hitler was saying. This begun to get the German public to agree with Hitler's views and therefore voted for him. On 8th November 1923, Hitler, with the SA, broke into a meeting held by three leaders of the Bavarian government. He forced the leaders to tell their audience that they would give the Nazis their full support by putting a gun to one of their heads. Hitler gained recognition not only for the Putsch but also for the trial that took place later. His 24-day trial reached the front page on a daily basis. He twisted the trial so even though he still went to prison, he drummed up much support. He made the November Criminals the traitors and made himself look like the â€Å"saviour† of the German people. He was such an orator that the way he spoke influenced the judges on their decisions. That is why Hitler was only given 5 years with the chance of parole after just six months. Perhaps the sentence he was given can be seen as a major benefactor in him taking power. Another short-term effect that helped Hitler's rise to power was on the 30th June 1934 when Hitler radioed a signal to Berlin for the SS (bodyguard) to smash the SA (Storm troopers) in the events known as the ‘Night of the Long Knives'. Members of the SA were rounded up by the SS and taken to prison and were later butchered. Although this seems like an unusual way to go about getting the public approval, it was taken with gratitude by the public. This is because the SA was too violent. Their actions were scaring some of Hitler's supporters such as big businesses, the ruling elites, and the general public. They were a large, intimidating group of up to three million. So Hitler was seen as a saviour and the public began to agree with his policies even more. Long-term effects such as the Treaty of Versailles contributed to his rise to power. The public felt humiliated and vulnerable to the defeat of World War One and then the Treaty of Versailles. The public of Germany obviously was very angry and wanted something done about it. So, with the aid of Hitler's oratory skills, his personality and leadership, Hitler detested the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in his speeches and like the public, wanted something done about it. Therefore, he promised to make changes in order to regain Germany's humiliating losses. This helped as the public shared the same views as Hitler and so supported him. Then there was the economic depression of 1923 and then 1929. The facts that Germany couldn't afford the Respiration Payments, there was masses of unemployment, higher taxes and hyperinflation meant that Germany was loosing hope. They already were receiving loans from USA to help pay of Respiration Payments. Then when Hitler uses his oratory skills and protests he will lower the taxes, lower the unemployment status, set a new currency to stop inflation, Germany believed they had nothing to loose. So, this too, helps Hitler's rise to power. One other element of Hitler's rise to power is his oratory skills. Since he began his rise to power, he had always been a powerful and meaningful speaker. Hitler, although being a quiet man, was an excellent public speaker. Often, he was able work a crowded room into frenzy, yelling and cheering in support. He used his speaking ability persuade people to support his ideas and party. He dressed in uniform to put emphasis on his overwhelming sense of control and power, he used his hands to also express himself and he raised his voice in order to give a great impact for his audience. All in all, I believe the short term and long term combine together. It is possible to say that the long-term effects wouldn't have been much use without the short-term effects and visa-versa. Therefore, short-term effects are just as important and play a vital role in Hitler's rise to power, just as much as long-term. Question 3 I believe the Treaty of Versailles was a major element in Hitler's rise to power. If it weren't for the Treaty of Versailles then Hitler's rise to power would be very much different in relation to what it was. The fact that he was able to use his oral skills to put across the shared views of public about the Treaty of Versailles and then build on that links the two together. I feel that the Treaty of Versailles sparked much unwanted controversy within the German Republic. Germany was so unhappy and humiliated both with the defeat of World War One and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. So to have a powerful speaker in uniform, standing up and protesting that the Treaty of Versailles was wrong and in conjunction, agreeing with the German public, was a great relief for Germany. Coinciding with this, the Munich Putsch happened at a time of hyperinflation, economic depression just after the Treaty of Versailles. Which obviously reinforces my argument that it was very much the Treaty o f Versailles, which brought all the other financial and economic difficulties in Germany. I also think that the Economic Depression has influential reasons why Hitler rose to power, too. It was the long period of time when Germany, economically, socially and politically collapsed and money became worthless from hyperinflation etc. this was the Economic Depression. It was a time of deep despair; Germany was in the grip of this great depression with a population suddenly finding themselves in a state of poverty, misery and uncertainty, whilst in the middle of a rapidly growing political instability. However, there were other significant elements that combined with Hitler's rise to power. So much so that if you were to rule out one then it would affect another (they're linked). All of the other reasons include; The Munich Putsch, the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler's oratory, personality and leadership, the decision by Von Papen and Hildenburg to appoint him as Chancellor in 1933, and the Enabling Law. The Enabling Law was a short-term effect but a vital one as it allowed him to outlaw opposition, which meant, what he said, was law. Without this and Hildenburg's decision linked, Hitler would most certainly not have made it to be leader. Hildenburg thought that appointing Hitler as Chancellor, they could keep control of him-how wrong they were! And indeed there are other factors that aren't mentioned. One being is the Reichstag Fire of which Hitler blamed on the Communists as a scapegoat. Without this, the Nazi's would probably had been virtually unknown and still holding meetings in the Reichstag hall-not ideal for a political party. The employment status was so negative that for Hitler, his long awaited opportunity to reach out to the German people had arrived. At this point in the German nation the citizens, downtrodden and tired of their economic situation, were more than willing too listen to someone with ideas or visions of a brighter and certainly more stable Germany. The main reason why the Treaty of Versailles overthrows the Economic Depression, narrowly, and is the most influential above all of the others is because it was the beginning of an ongoing unhappiness, which ties in with the Economic Depression. I am probably liable to say that without the Treaty of Versailles, Germany wouldn't have had the Economic Depression because money would of still had its value, currency, taxes wouldn't have gone up and there wouldn't have been any Respiration Payments. It was the symbolic element of which the Nazis were able to build their political views upon. The reason why Hitler became so popular over the Treaty of Versailles was because the terms of the Treaty were tough to compromise with that it led to most other effects. These propelled the Nazi party to new heights of daring, which was highly linked with the speeches Hitler gave and the promotional stunts that the Nazi party held. The party's tactics were very good and effective in their rise to power. However the success was really thanks to Hitler and the character that in the beginning I believe he was portraying but later became. I believe that if the Treaty was not brought forward, the country wouldn't have stumbled into a state of depression and Hitler would never have successfully raised the amount of strong morale that he did, mainly due to pure human conscience. Not many people believe in the majority of the Nazi party's actions and politics. However, there were usually one or two points mostly of unemployment or the stabilising of money, of which the Treaty of Versailles was the cause of; that no one else had offered the German sufferers until then. Their time was that moment; to be the biggest and the best organised and supported party that Germany had had since the war. The people did not know that Hitler's rise to power could cause another.

Antebellum Rights for Blacks essays

Antebellum Rights for Blacks essays The antebellum period is generally considered the time between 1820 and the beginning of the war in 1865. Slavery was an integral component of the culture in the United States at that time. Abolitionists abounded in the North while the trade' continued to flourish in the south. Three documents from that era present the social as well as legal perspective The first is an article by a prominent doctor, Dr. Samuel Cartwright, entitled, Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race. It was his purpose to validate the ownership of slaves as a means of providing shelter and industry to a race handicapped to such a degree that they could not prosper on their own. The second document is the opinion of Justice Taney in the Dred Scott versus Sanford case of 1857. Here, it is legally determined blacks of the pre-Civil War era do not have the rights of an American citizen. The third document is a speech presented to the United States Senate on March 4, 1858 by James Henry Hammond wherein he argues that the black race are slaves through natural law. All of these documents were written in the belief that slavery was a legitimate social institution based on the inferiority of the black race. The Southern plantation system was socially and economically dependent on slave labor to continue. The chattel slave was owned and had absolutely no rights, including the right to life, that was not controlled by the owner. The plantation owners did not consider slave labor to be 'free' inasmuch as the care and upkeep of the slaves was their responsibility. In the 1840's a physician, Samuel Cartwright, created a psychiatric diagnosis called "drapetomania" that was specific to slaves - most notably found among freed slaves. The disorder was characterized by "a partial insensibility of the skin, and so great a hebetude of the intellectual faculties, as to be like a person half as...

buy custom The Rise of China essay

buy custom The Rise of China essay The economy of China has been growing at an extraordinary speed, since the Chinese government launched its market reforms three decades ago. Since 2010, the People republic of China positions as the second largest economy in the world, after the United States. It, also, is the fastest growing economy over the past thirty years, grown consistently at a rate of about thirty percent. This paper discusses why the China rise is a bad thing for the U.S. The rise of China fosters unemployment in the United States. The U.S manufacturing firms are declining due to the influx of cheaply-priced goods from China, such as clothes, machinery and electronics (Haddad and Shepherd 2011). China, being a free market and affording cheap labor; is more conducive to set up a business than the U.S. The U.S manufacturers opt for outsourced labor, which is cheaper for them, hence increasing their profits. Therefore, Americans end up losing on the jobs which increases the rate of unemployment. Secondly, the standard of living among the Americans is low. Since the more highly skilled jobs are now taken away by Chinese, they have to take service industry jobs of lower quality and poorer pay, for instance, fast food work. According to Price (2003), The American job market is fragmented; there exists a growing separation between higher and lower skilled jobs since many middle-skilled jobs are already shipped overseas. Therefore, even if the products coming in the country are cheap, people do not have money to purchase them. Lastly, it has created a trade deficit between China and the U.S due to the difference between the dollar and the Yuan and the fact that China exports more to the U.S than it imports from her (Price, 2003). In conclusion, from the above information, the cons of Chinas rise on the U.S are clear. Therefore, we can only conclude that it is a bad thing for the United States. Buy custom The Rise of China essay

Final Reflection Essays - Educational Psychology, Education

Final Reflection Essays - Educational Psychology, Education Final Reflection Jessi Benanti EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education Cassidy Hawf January 6, 2016 Final Reflection Paragraph 1: What is Learning At the time that I started this course I had a tapered meaning of learning. I thought learning meant acquiring knowledge or a set of skills by experience, by being taught, or by studying. Throughout this class I have acquired a more in-depth understanding of what learning means. According to Jhnston (page 1.2) learning is taking in world around you and connecting to way you are experiencing. This is just the tip of the ice burg when it comes to learning, as you gain the knowledge from the world around you, learning requires that as you start to understand what you are making sense of the knowledge that you will finally come to understand what you are experiencing. As Johnston stated learning involves using your critical thinking skills and sound judgment to respond appropriately to any workplace task, online assignment, or opportunity to speak publicly (page 1.2). Not only is learning understanding knowledge, but also understanding how you come to understand that knowledge. There are four types of learning patterns, Sequence, Precision, Technical Reasoning, and Confluence. As a learner you should try to understand what type of learner you are. Once you figure out your unique pattern, you will be able to learn more intentionally. Paragraph 2: Describing yourself as a Learner When it comes to my learning patterns, I normally use them where I am most comfortable. My LCI scores are Sequence-32, Precision-35, Technical Reasoning-25, and Confluence-19. As a person that is a Strong-Willed Learner, I typically use sequence, precision, and technical reasoning first. When it comes to learning I typically use sequence to start out all my assignments so I have list that lets me know where to start and where to end. As I am learning I then like to use my precision to make sure that I have all the information for the assignment. I also like to use my technical reasoning to work on solving the problem that is in front of me. This is what I do when I am really trying to answer a question. I sometimes use my confluence pattern to brainstorm new ideas for papers and discussions. As a learner I have had to understand how my patterns work together. I have learned that each pattern has its own task in what I am doing. While doing an assignment I have found that I use each p attern as its own special task to help me understand a do the work. When I take in the world around me I have learned to use my precision more than each of my other patterns. I look for the information that is in the world and make sure I have the knowledge of the world so I can learn everything. Paragraph 3: Combination of Learning Patterns The combination of my learning patterns has made me a Strong Willed Learner. As a Strong Willed Learner I can easily switch from pattern to pattern. I have been able to use two or more of my patterns to get my work done. As a Strong Willed Learner I have been able to use my unique patterns to get my assignments done on time. Being a Strong Willed Learner I have the biggest benefit of getting my BA and being able to get the job I really want. I have been able to find the perfect quiet place to get my reading and work done. When I am taking my tests I normally use both my laptop and my phone, my laptop for my test, and my phone for my book. With having both precision and sequence as two of my use first patterns, I always find all the information for my assignments and discussions first and then write a rough draft on word, check my work for spelling and grammar errors, and then I post it in the classroom. As I analyze the benefits of my unique combination of learning patterns, I have b een able to identify the things that I need to do to complete all my readings, assignments, quizzes, and discussions for this course. Paragraph 4: FITing Learning Patterns I believe as a strong

Cereal Aisle Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cereal Aisle Analysis - Essay Example My observations are compiled in short statements in this report. First of all, there were ten different brands on display, out of which I could easily recognize three. These were Kellogg’s, Malt-O- Meal, and Cheerios. Among the Kellogg’s brand, and in the Breakfast Cereal category, there were 27 varieties of Breakfast Cereals, ranging from All- Bran to Mini – Wheat. Each one of them had their name and specialty prominently displayed on its cover. They were of distinct flavor and were available in five different sizes. The packets were specially designed to attract children. The focus on packing and labeling was such that many children were fascinated with them. (Kellogs, 2011) The second observation was that of brand Malt-O – Meal .The packing of Malt-O – Meal was very attractive and the shelves were segregated in two parts, cold and hot cereals. There was another category named Natural Cereal. On closer examination I found that they do not put artificial colors and used only natural preservatives. It gave a feeling that the company cares for the health of its customers. This made the choice easier, especially for the parents (MALT-O-MEAL, 2011) The third prominent brand which I observed was Cheerios. They had varieties for kids, parents, families and adults. I found it very interesting and observed that in the aisle only products meant for kids were stored. The packets were very well designed and as the name suggests, the labeling and packing conveyed the meaning of having fun (General Mills, 2011). I also observed the behavior of shoppers very minutely and there were six distinct behaviors which are worth mentioning here. In some cases, the children saw the displayed packets and took permission of their parents to go and have a look. Once they liked it, they took it out from the respective shelf and put it up for their parents to approve their choice. This type children were very well behaved and I did not find a singly parent declining the request of their children. The second behavior was different from the first one, in the sense that the children left their parents hand and simply grabbed the brand of their liking, In this case also, the parents were in agreement with the children’s choice but before they agreed, they did have a look at the brand and its label and read the nutritional value of the contents. In the third case, some children first grabbed the brand which they liked and then asked their parents for approval. This behavior was frowned upon by the parents. In the fourth instance, the children saw the brand, liked it but their parents were simply aghast with the choice and refused to buy it for them. Later on, after a lot of persuasion they did ask the

Personal Leadership experience PowerPoint Presentation

Personal Leadership experience - PowerPoint Presentation Example These two areas needed funds to carry the commendable work and I personally believed that students could really do great job as fundraisers. The day I became the junior class president, I realized that if a person really wants to do something, he has the ability to do it through hard work and will power. It’s the strength of will power that can change the things for you. Indeed, as Vince Lombardi says, ‘contrary to the opinion of many people, leaders are not born. Leaders are made, and they are made by effort and hard work’. I can also cultivate exemplary leadership qualities through perseverance and commitment towards public service. I knew now that my dreams to become a senator would one day be realized! Junior class Presidency gave me opportunity to understand the problems of the fellow students and resolve their problems through innovative approach which not only earned me their confidence but they were also inspired to work towards the causes that were dear to my heart; community work and fundraising for autism and cancer. While the experience expanded my horizon of knowledge of human relationship, it also made me more aware of the wider implications of the responsibilities of a leader. Another thing that I realized was that I actually wanted to do work so that I can serve as an example for others and inspire them to emulate me in working towards the welfare of the people. My deep desire to wish my classmates in the graduation ceremony motivated me stand for senior class presidency which I won with thumping majority. This has inspired me to create visions and future goals that would facilitate easy communication and class reunions. I realize now that each of us has a ‘small leader’ within ourselves and each of us can make a significant difference to the society at large if we really wish to do. My sincere efforts were rewarded

Ip3 team and leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ip3 team and leadership - Research Paper Example The first level of the pyramid model is the physiological needs of every human: food, water, warmth and sex. The second consists of such safety needs as security, order and stability. Then comes the need in affiliation that is love and belonging. The fourth level represents need for esteem or the need in recognition, prestige and power. The fifth level is the self- actualization and the last one is the self- transcendence, which is experience. In order to perform work well, employees need healthy air, water and adequate time to rest. These needs are the main motivators of the first level of Maslows pyramid. The employees should aware of the level of risk they have in the working environment to feel them comfortable enough for their proper work performance. The main motivator for the employees at the level of affiliation is the opportunity to be a part of a team, in which its members share skills, knowledge and unique experiences. The esteem needs are the external motivators for employees and they are the prizes and awards, while the internal motivators are the private goals that employees set for themselves. Once the main needs are achieved, people are able to reach their true potential, real meaning, wisdom and justice. Â   Within the organization, newly employees await for a security, order and stability from their job. In a certain time, they are trying to seek their role inside the team and thus need active support from their colleagues and leaders. This will not only give new employees feel themselves comfortable, but also will ensure an opportunity to enter the next level of Maslows model. There, the employees do their best to obtain recognition that will motivate them for the further

Architecture of renaissance and baroque Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Architecture of renaissance and baroque - Essay Example The Santa Maria Novella is the greatest basilica in Florence. Though originally built by Friars in Florence, Alberti was commissioned to design its faà §ade. He contribute a broad frieze decorated with squares, four pilasters that were white-green in color and a round window, on it a pediment of the Dominican solar emblem. He added S-curved volutes on both sides and four columns with Corinthian capitals. The pediment and the frieze were inspired by the antiquity. However, the S-curved scrolls adorning the upper part had no precedent and have inspired similar ones in churches all over Italy. His touch obviously added to the glamorous beauty of the church’s faà §ade that has attracted worshipers and tourists alike over the years. Bramante’s Tempietto (Fig. 2) was designed with an emphasis on harmonizing of proportions and the simplicity of volumes (Norberg-Schulz, 89). Shapes such as cylinders and hemispheres were combined to great effect to create the grand circular sh ape that represents the divine order and completeness. The church pays great tribute to both antique techniques and Christian values. Bramantes plan represented illusionist painting and architecture that he had perfected in his lifetime. It was inspired by the shapes of temples. However, it was more a work of art than a utility building. Only 15 feet in diameter, it could not contain a congregation and was the subject of admiration from without and within. To him it represented the purity of the martyrdom of St Peter.

Communications 215 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communications 215 - Essay Example I agree with Ezenberger that the media has industrialized the human mind in the way that it has now come to influence our thoughts (Berger, n.d). In my own experience, whatever opinions I have on what is the best brand of toothpaste to use, or which shampoo gives the most silky hair, all come from what I have seen on television; without having access to a television, I would not have had these ideas at all. Moving onto how the media is "amusing" us to death, Postman believes that the main focus of television is to fill the human life with "triviality and incoherence," and to instill in us the belief that life is like some kind of circus show where the point is just to be entertained (Berger, n.d). For Postman, television is only instructing us what products to buy in order to bring excitement into our lives (Berger, n.d). While there are many television programs that try to educate viewers, I believe that most television channels have an agenda to simply amuse the audience and keep t hem in a sedated state where they do not care about the more important things in life. (A2) For Jameson, postmodernism entails a blurring of the lines between what is regarded as high culture and mass culture in modernism (Berger, n.d). Since postmodernism does not believe in metanarratives and is eclectic in the way it defines things, for Jameson postmodern art maintains no division between elite and popular culture, and that "anything goes," (Berger, n.d). The postmodern landscape is "degraded" in the way that it is composed of "schlock art" (Berger, n.d). I do agree that in the postmodern era there is a kind of art that eliminates the previous boundaries between elite and popular culture; for example, Marcel Duchamp constructed a ceramic urinal and passed this off as postmodern art, thereby blurring the lines between high and low art. (A3) Baudrillard's theory on the effects of media is influenced by the notion of simulacra; he claimed that in today's postmodern era which is domi nated by the media, there are not true copies of something, there are only "simulations of reality which aren't any more or less "real" than the reality they simulate," (Mann, n.d). For Baudrillard whatever we see in the media becomes our reality, and seems more real than what is actually real. These simulacras, these images of things that do not exist in reality, become part of hyperreality. As Baudrillard rightly states, postmodernism entails " the death of the real," since we are connecting more and more with media where the content "merely simulate reality," and thus living in a kind of hyperreality that is not real (Mann, n.d). I can see this in the way that we relate to actors on TV; I myself have spent hours with my friends discussing Blair and Chuck's relationship in the TV serial Gossip Girl, as if we personally know them. There are often times when I feel I can connect to people from TV shows more than I can relate to my own family. This all shows that media has created a hyperreality with simulacras that we are now relating to more than we relate to real life. (A4) For Rheingold, a smart mob has emerged from the onset of mobile phone technology (Berger, n.d). Smart mobs are characterized as groups of people who can be rallied for social and political campaigning though the use of mobile

Architecture of renaissance and baroque Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Architecture of renaissance and baroque - Essay Example The Santa Maria Novella is the greatest basilica in Florence. Though originally built by Friars in Florence, Alberti was commissioned to design its faà §ade. He contribute a broad frieze decorated with squares, four pilasters that were white-green in color and a round window, on it a pediment of the Dominican solar emblem. He added S-curved volutes on both sides and four columns with Corinthian capitals. The pediment and the frieze were inspired by the antiquity. However, the S-curved scrolls adorning the upper part had no precedent and have inspired similar ones in churches all over Italy. His touch obviously added to the glamorous beauty of the church’s faà §ade that has attracted worshipers and tourists alike over the years. Bramante’s Tempietto (Fig. 2) was designed with an emphasis on harmonizing of proportions and the simplicity of volumes (Norberg-Schulz, 89). Shapes such as cylinders and hemispheres were combined to great effect to create the grand circular sh ape that represents the divine order and completeness. The church pays great tribute to both antique techniques and Christian values. Bramantes plan represented illusionist painting and architecture that he had perfected in his lifetime. It was inspired by the shapes of temples. However, it was more a work of art than a utility building. Only 15 feet in diameter, it could not contain a congregation and was the subject of admiration from without and within. To him it represented the purity of the martyrdom of St Peter.

The Effect of the Increase and Decrease of Inheritance Tax in the UK Essay

The Effect of the Increase and Decrease of Inheritance Tax in the UK Economy - Essay Example Exchange rate is the value of two currencies relative to each other, like exchanging the US dollar for a certain number of British pounds. This may be floating which means it changes from day to day or it may be pegged to another which means that it may have a certain amount of its currency held in another currency. The former is volatile while the latter is more stable since their setting is by the government fiat. [Aguirre, A., Ferreira, A. & Notini, H., 2003] The exchange rates have been experiencing fluctuations in different regions of the world and this has had major impacts in these regions which have involved the private sector as well as the government and in some cases the government has had to play the role of the private sector so as to stabilise the rate. In this context the exchange rate rise has been on the fore front and this has had adverse effect and implications on the economic activities as well as the social aspect of the people in these regions. The rise if the f oreign exchange affects the foreign direct investment [FDI]. This is an international flow of capital that provides the multinational organisations and companies with control over foreign affiliates. The foreign exchange can influence both the total FDI and the allocation of this investment across different countries. The increase reduces the countries production costs and the wages relative to those of the foreign country. This means that the value of its currency depreciates relative to that of the other country. This means that the overall rate of return to foreigners is increased and this contemplates the overseas investment projects in a country. The increase in the foreign exchange may be sometimes anticipated and this will leads to higher costs of financing of the projects due to interest rate parity conditions. In these cases, multinationals prefer to fund their overseas projects from the local kit as financing from the local become relatively expensive. This covers their mo nitoring costs and even the capital that keeps on increasing. The volatility of the exchange rates affects the production flexibility and also the risk aversion. There arises a problem where the producer produces the goods without the knowledge of the exchange rates as they affect the rate of production and the actual level of employment. Where there was risk aversion, the investors demand that they be paid compensation for the risks they incurred as the higher exchange rate raises the variability of and lowers the certainty. In this case therefore, the high rates of exchange tend to raise the values of the investment projects and due to the high costs; the profits are reduced. [Goldberg and Kolstad, 1995] The Australian bank decided to leave the rate of cash unchanged, while the central bank highlighted on its ability to lower the benchmark of the nation’s interest rate so as to ease the inflation pressures. Fig 1: Graphical illustration of Australian Interest rates from Jan uary 2004 through January 2010 This rising exchange rate leads to the tightening of the monetary policy. This in effect raises the interest rates to higher levels which are visibly seen to rise faster in the short run than in the long run. The result of this is that the foreign investors hold foreign assets because of the increased rate of return on the domestic assets with the tightened monetary policy and they expect that the domestic value will fall in future. There arises foreign debt due to the high appreciation of the real exchange rate. These may make the local currency to reach parity against the foreign currency like it was for the euro against the dollar between Australia and US. [Aron, J., Elbadawi, I.A. & Kahn, B., 1997] Identify the possible causes of this appreciation and analyse the extensive implications on the Australian economy which was saved by the collapsing economy of the Australian government and economy. The appreciation of the real exchange rate brings diver se effects which are extensive the short term aspect of

Resourcing talent Essay Example for Free

Resourcing talent Essay The aims and objectives of this report are to: identify factors affecting an organization’s approach to attracting talent explain the benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce describe factors affecting organizational approach to recruitment and selection give examples of recruitment and selection methods explain the purpose of induction and give a sample induction plan 2. ATRACTING TALENT 2. 1. 4 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISATION’S APPROACH TO ATTRACTING TALENT An organisation’s ability to attract talent from outside depends on how potential applicants view the company, the sector in which it operates and its culture. This is why BRAND IDENTITY seems to be one of the most important factors influencing an organisation’s approach to attracting talent. The top-notch candidates will always ask ‘what’s in this for me’? ‘Unless a business is a brand new start-up, they’re likely to have an existing reputation as an employer – whether this is intentional or not. Given that potential new employees make decisions about joining based on this impression, it pays to define a strategy to make sure the right (and real) messages are being heard. ’ (http://www. pageexecutive. com/insights/talent-attraction-through-employer-branding). WORKFORCE PLANNING which is company likely needs for talent is another very important factor. An organisation’s approach to attracting talent is determined by its workforce planning (WFP). This means: predicting organisation workforce requirements by taking into account: existing skills, training and development, retention, career progression, staff turnover, external factors like: economic climate, demographics, working patterns, and most importantly the demand and supply in labour market. Organisations need to have strategic approach to attracting talent and need to understand the importance of investment in human capital. Talent strategy must be as close to corporate strategy as possible. SIZE OF ORGANIZATION – A small organization cannot have same staffing practices which a large organization may have; it may not be able to attract highly talented staff. Even if it tries to do so it may increase the staffing cost. TYPE OF TALENT THE ORGANISATION IS LOOKING FOR is a very important factor in organisation’s approach to attracting potential employees. For example the level of staff required will determine the recruitment pool, low level team members will be easy to find locally whilst to find a senior manager or a director a company may have to resource internationally. Other factors influencing a company’s talent management are: type of product/services the company is delivering, recruitment tools/methods available, the labour market, national as well as international, legal factors, socio-culture factors or political influences. 2. 2. CIPD POINT OF VIEW ON TALENT MANAGEMENT HR professionals have a very important role in talent management. They have to understand the 4 areas of talent management which are: attracting, developing, managing and evaluating talent. In the current uncertain economic climate strategic approach to talent management is even more important than ever before. 3. A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 3. 1. 3 ORGANISATION BENEFITS OF ATRACTING AND RETAINING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE Diversity is the art of thinking independently together’ Publisher Malcolm Forbes People need to be treated differently in ways that are fair and tailored to their needs but in ways that are aligned to business needs and objectives (The business case for diversity). There are many advantages of a diverse workforce: WIDENS THE RECRUITMENT POOL ACAS points out that the working generation is getting older therefore people from different cultural ; ethnic backgrounds are entering the workforce. REDUCES LABOUR TURNOVER – looking at the UK labour market in the last 10 years, foreign workers are more motivated to work for lower salaries than people living permanently in the UK. They tend to stay in a job for long mainly due to their financial commitment to families living abroad. GIVES GOOD CORPORATE REPUTATION and this helps to attract talent. Organizations with high level of diverse workforce are valued by many people e. g. large supermarkets by having a diverse workforce on the shop floor help international customers to communicate with staff in their own languages. Other benefits of a diverse workforce include: it’s a key to fostering new ways of thinking, opens up a wealth of possibilities and helps to encourage creativity and foster innovation, gives bias-free people policies and working practices, helps to develop new products and practices, opens up new markets and provides due diligence against discrimination claims. 3. 2. CIPD POINT OF VIEW ON DIVERSE WORKFORCE Recognizing and valuing diversity is crucial to good people management practice. HR practitioners have important role in creating inclusive workplace. CIPD advises to companies to go beyond legal compliance with anti-discrimination laws and create diversity strategy or they will become less attractive to potential employees. Company diversity strategy needs to support business objectives and strategies. 4. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION 4. 1. 3 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISATION’S APPROACH TO RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION Recruitment and selection is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It should be affected by current needs as well as future plans (see workforce planning, page 3). One of the factors that can affect an organization’s approach to recruitment and selection is the EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES LEGISLATION. Companies should ensure that they take account of equality and diversity at all times. Organizations should monitor whole recruitment processes continuously to ensure their validity, and that they are non-discriminatory. Advice and guidance is provided by Equality and Human Rights Commission, for example wider advertising, flexible working hours arrangements or child care vouchers for employees. THE SIZE OF THE COMPANY AND RESOURCES AVAILABLE – small companies will have to use different recruitment and selection methods that the larger ones. The infrastructure and finance will determine if it’s a newspaper advert or TV campaign, for example: ‘Join the Army’ Campaign being used to recruit candidates. Also a small organisation will not be able to use assessment centres or psychometric testing due to low budget available. SUPPLY AND DEMAND The availability of manpower both within and outside the organization is an important determinant in the recruitment process. If the company has a demand for more professionals and there is limited supply in the market for the professionals demanded by the company, then the company will have to depend upon internal sources by providing them special training and development programs. Other factors include: costs, recruitment policy or unemployment rate. 4. 2. 3 DIFFERENT RECRUITMENT METHODS There are many recruitment methods available on the market including: advertising, agency, website, word of mouth, newspaper, posters, ‘milk round’, internships, head hunters, recommend a friend scheme, social media: Facebook, LinkedIn, job centre, etc. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table below: RECRUITMENT METHOD BENEFITS OTHER COMMENTS Advertising on the website Cost effective Creates employer’s branding Easily accessible Gives understanding of organization’s culture Broad recruitment pool HR managers are actively involved in recruitment and selection Recruitment agency Time effective Efficient Broadens the recruitment pool High standard UK eligibility and CRB checks done Is used to hire management level employees, mainly by larger organizations Recommend a friend scheme It’s less expensive than agency It comes with a recommendation of someone we already trust Used to employ all levels staff from waiters and chefs to senior management There is a risk of discrimination claim Source: Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 4. 3. 3 SELECTION METHODS There are many selection methods, including: assessment centres, speed networking, psychometric testing, daily trail – role practice, competency based interviews, telephone interviews/screening, group interviews/exercises or occupational tests. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table below: SELECTION METHOD BENEFITS OTHER COMMENTS Assessment centre Creates employer’s branding Time effective It’s expensive Doesn’t give understanding of organizational culture Face to face interview Time effective Efficient Cost effective Availability to see candidates’ attitude Opportunity for probing Needs good preparation Should be done by a trained and experienced interviewer Psychometric tests Gives highly predictive results Improves the efficiency of the recruitment process There is a risk of standardisation Source: Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 5. INDUCTION Induction is the process of familiarisation with the organisation and settling into the job (acas. org. uk). 5. 1. PURPOSE OF INDUCTION 1. Social welcome – employees feeling valued 2. Introduction to the Company’s culture 3. Physical orientation 4. Explanation of employee’s benefits: staff discount and pension scheme. 5. Check of eligibility to work in UK 6. Explanation of house rules – staff uniforms, reporting absences, etc. 5. 2. HOW DOES INDUCTION BENEFIT INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANISATIONS Most labour turnover is among new employees, and work efficiency is reached only after a period of learning and adjusting to the new environment. Induction benefits for individuals are: Builds positive attitude of the company Allows quick adjusting, especially for school leavers or people returning to the workforce Saves time The benefits of induction for an employer are: The chance to build on the positive attitude of the new recruit To answer their anxieties about how well they will get on with their co-workers and understand the standards and rules of the organisation Chance to welcome new employees and build on their positive attitude and enthusiasm for their new job An opportunity to familiarise new members of staff with your organisation To introduce them to their immediate colleagues and other members of the wider workforce Health and safety, equality and discrimination Case study illustrating the result of the lack of an induction process: A new employee starts on a Monday, reports to reception and no one knows he is due to start work on that day. He is sent to room 302 where 3 very surprised team members welcome him in a cold way. It transpires that the desk and computer are not ready and he has to share a desk with one of his colleagues. The new starter feels very lost and disappointed. He doesn’t know who to ask for help and find out only after going back home and visiting the web site. He contacts HR but the situation isn’t resolved until the following week. He doesn’t think positively about his new company and starts regretting quitting his last job. 5. 3. INDUCTION PLAN A copy of an induction plan should be kept by new starter to enable him to follow what is happening and will act as a reminder of anything missed or that needs particular attention. POSITION: EMPLOYEE START DATE: NAME: INDUCTION COMPLETION DATE: SIGNATURE: AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS PERSONAL DOCUMENTATION/ ELIGIBILITY TO WORK IN UK CHECKED First day HR Take copies P45 First day HR Take copies NIN First day HR Take copies INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY First week Line manager Presentation Who’s who History Products/services/markets Future plans and developments TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT First day HR Written Written terms and conditions issued Contract of employment issued Hours, breaks, method of payment Holidays Clocking on/flexitime/reporting procedures Probationary period Period of notice Sickness provisions Pension provisions Maternity/paternity/parental leave provisions AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICY AND WORKER DEVELOPMENT First week HR Verbal/Written Equal opportunities policy Training needs and objectives Further education/training policies Performance appraisal Promotion avenues Policy/procedures to prevent bullying and harassment WORKER/EMPLOYER RELATIONS First week Line manager Verbal Trade union membership Other worker representation Worker communications and consultation Grievance and disciplinary procedure Appeals procedure ORGANISATION RULES First week Mentor/Buddy Verbal/Coffee chat Smoking policy General behaviour/dress code Telephone calls/emails and use of the internet Canteen/break facilities Cloakroom/toilets/lockers HEALTH AND SAFETY First week Safety officer E learning Risk assessment Emergency procedures AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS Awareness of hazards – any particular to type of work Safety rules Emergency procedures Clear gangways, exits Location of exits Reporting of accidents First aid Personal hygiene WELFARE AND WORKER BENEFITS/FACILITIES First month Section supervisor Coffee chat Sports facilities Protective clothing – supply, laundry, replacement Transport/parking arrangements Company discounts THE JOB First week Mentor/Buddy Coffee chat Introduction to manager/supervisor Requirements of new job Standards expected Co-workers Supervision and work performance appraisals Source: Induction, Appendix 3, acas. org. uk with small changes by Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Impact Of Ethnocentric Staffing Practice Management Essay

Impact Of Ethnocentric Staffing Practice Management Essay Introduction Over the past decades, an inconsiderable amount of research has dealt in the field of managing and reducing employee turnover in international staffing practice. In this study, which appraise staffing policies in International Human Resource and issues relating to employee turnover of local manger in subsidiaries of Multi-national Corporations. This paper evaluates series of issue encountered by the local or subsidiary manager. Hereby consider the role and patterns of international staffing model, the advantages and disadvantages of Parent country national (PCN), Host country national (HCN), retention strategies and approach used in managing avoid staff turnover. in this regard, has examined possible way-out of the present dilemma encountered by the local or subsidiaries mangers and the way forward but might vary in different sectors and culture of a country or probable the culture of the Multi-National Corporation. Function and Pattern of International Staffing Model There are different reasons for international staff transfer which can be as a result of control, co-ordination, developing management, unskilled local personnel and organization development. Which will lead to the increase of companys potential to succeed and compete in the international market (Edstrom and Galbraith, 1977; Harzing, 2001). However, Scholars have also pointed out that the success of knowledge sharing through international transfers is not automatic but rather depends on social processes. In recent it has been pointed out that key rationale for staff transfer is due to the transfer of advance and technical knowledge (Bonache et al., 2001; Hocking et al., 2004). However, staff transfer is a two- sided magnitude, which is between the Head quarter and the subsidiaries and it also involve the process comprises parent-country nationals (PCNs), host-country nationals (HCNs) and third-country nationals (TCNs) (Harzing, 2001; Welch, 2003). In this regard, Head quarters organization that are sent to HCNs and TCNs they are commonly referred to as Expatriates and vice versa for the inpatriates. Perlmutter and Heenan (1969; 1979) identified four different international staffing policies (ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric and regiocentric). MNCs following an ethnocentric staffing policy would appoint mostly parent country nationals to top positions at their subsidiaries, while MNCs following a polycentric staffing policy would prefer to appoint host country nationals (HCNs). Organisation with a geocentric staffing policy might simply pick the best person, regardless of his/her nationality and that could include third country nationals (TCNs), nationals of a country other than the MNCs home country and the country of the subsidiary. The Head quarter-centric nature of the staffing policies has been criticised by Novicevic and Harvey.H (2001) introduced a pluralistic orientation that enable a multiple, diverse and possibly competition which subsidiaries are given more orientations of subsidiary staffing that independent operation within the MNC context. The pluralistic orientation also brought about an alternative concept and a harmony orientation toward international staffing. Thereby indicated a tranquillity between subsidiaries and the Head quarters which is as result of integrative aspect. Pro and Cons of PCNs, HCNs or TCNs These are some of the advantages and disadvantages of employing these different groups of employees. It is shown that none of the options is without its disadvantages whereby will focus on some of the most frequently mentioned advantages and disadvantages (Negandhi, 1987; Phatak, 1989; Dowling, Festing, Engle, 2008) are summarized as follows. In Table 7.1 below Source: Harzing and Reiche 2009. Influences on Subsidiary Staff Turnover Sebastian .R, (2007). Classified two major factors that lead to subsidiary staff turnover which is as a result of the effect of international staffing practices. He then conceptualise it has perceived career advancement opportunities and their organizational identification. Figure 1 shows the integration of all variables in a framework due to the effect of international staffing practices on subsidiary staff retention. Career Opportunities of Subsidiaries Staff These involves situation where the organisation seems to make global exposure and career advancement as part of the employment contract with the local national, but the organisation at the end of the day fail to fulfil their promise and with the design of international staffing practices that has an effect on subsidiary staffs career perspective and also leads to employee turnover .which aligns with (Griffeth et al., 2000; Hom and Griffeth, 1995) turnover studies and (Birdseye and Hill, 1995; Feldman and Thomas, 1992; Naumann, 1992) expatriate turnover research. Recent literature has focused on the view that a huge number of foreign expatriates distorted HCNs career advancement opportunities and create sizeable income and status disparities, leading to frustration and dissatisfaction among locals. In regards, the ethnocentric staffing practices which is a one-sided approach that restrict career advancement of local staff to a mere lower manger position. Sebastian Reiche (2007). Organizational Identification of Subsidiaries This involves situation whereby the international staffing practices affects the subsidiary staff in relation to the identity of their organization (Dutton et al., (1994) The degree at which a member defines himself by the same feature that he or she believes defines the organization. This has been shown to exert a negative effect on turnover intentions (Koh and Goh, 1995; Van Dick et al., 2004). The fulfilment of career aspirations is considered to serve as a key antecedent of organizational identification (Brown, 1969; Reade, 2001). In an organization which consist multiple relationship, each with unique set of values and objective operating from different sources of membership and identification, sustains the notion that individuals experience multiple commitments or identifications (March and Simon, 1958; Reichers, 1985). The polycentric staffing practices mainly shows identification with the local unit. At the same time, might be identified with the global company and it more difficult to promote. As Lawler (1992) notes, identification tends to be more significant with regard to association in contrast to larger organisation and also in the case of a geocentric orientation international career progression may only involve a very small fraction of HCNs. Finally, (Novicevic and Harvey, 2001) pluralistic orientation to international staffing serves as an additional source of identification of a harmonizing approach helps to constitute respective Head quarters policies and practices within it subsidiary which, in turn, facilitates HCNs approval and thus enhances their identification. International Staffing-Related Retention Strategies The staffing retention strategies are of two dimensions namely subsidiary management. Which will help minimize staff turnover in the subsidiaries such as managing subsidiaries through local staff and the expatriation of local staff may help to retain employees in MNCs worldwide operations. Hereby the strategies for the suitable scenario. Subsidiary Management Through Local Staff This involves pluralistic and harmony approach to international staffing that help to reconcile individual and organizational career plans, thereby tying individuals career commitment to the company and hence fostering long-term membership. Global assignments of PCNs which is to be maintained effectively by socializing. This becomes an essential instrument for clearing out dispute between local and foreign personnel (Lueke and Svyantek, 2000). Also strategy challenges the preservation of MNC cohesion. There should be regular regional meetings as well as close communication and exchange of knowledge serve between local personnel to the Head quarter. As important measures to align HCNs to the overall corporate values that may foster locals identification with the global organization. Expatriation and Impatriation of Local Staff This involves establishment of a centralized and comprehensive schedule of all managerial employees, regardless of nationality, for those are readily available for international assignments. But along the line there might be a slight problem to the local staff loss of autonomy. (Kopp,1994). The central record of corporate talent has to be complemented by a regionally administered register of lower-level managers suitable for intra-regional transfers. In the case of re-entry problem are associated with threat of turnover. Therefore, it can be effectively managed by establishing new repatriation policies and career projection from onset, thereby indicating long term commitment to the respective individuals and thus enhancing their organizational identification (Gregersen and Black, 1992; Stroh, 1995). Thus, provision made for international assignments for HCNs involves the concept inpatriation, entails the transfer of subsidiary manager to the Head quarter on a temporary to permanent basis (Harvey and Buckley, 1997; Harvey et al., 2000), that make the manger understand the culture of the Head quarter and build a network which will enhance reduction in employee turnover in MNC subsidiaries by feeling appreciated and fulfilled to an extend on foreign exposure. It also shows an appropriate mechanism to foster international assignments for local staff and to achieve the conflicting aim of share of foreign expatriates through a localization strategy. The term inpatriation will be more productive in subsidiaries developing countries that exhibit institutional distance cultural difference. Contrarily PCNs are still to be expatriated, but mainly to countries where adjustment problems are less critical (Harvey et al., 2000). Inpatriation is also important in the transfer of tactic knowledge from the subsidiaries to the Head quarter and it a plus on the parent company manager exposing them to an international perspective. for example in the case of use of inpatriates, especially in European and US multinationals, will increase in the future (see Box 7.2). The above box illustrate the envisage population rate of inpatriate between European companies and US companies which might increase to this point in the nearest future. Managing and Strategies for Prevent Manager Turnover Maertz and Campion, (1998) explains that an organization manages to avoid turnover or not will be based on the availability of internal retention incentives and how well organization and appropriate the organisation can make it applicable to them. This classification of retention practices is due to the HR policies that result into various outcomes in terms of organisational advancement employee perceived behaviour and exhibit synergies. Delery and Doty, (1996). At this point, which deduce a typology of available HR practices that possess retention capacity. HR practices either have the capacity to control turnover on a short-term and responsive basis nature. Relational employment contract that will increase career development and job enrichment may be effective practices to keep core employees. While transactional relationships in short-term retention needs can be achieved through adequate remuneration, control and overseeing. Sebastian. R,(2008). Classification of Retention Practices Source: Sebastian Reiche 2008. The table above highlight four unique types of retention practices (see Table. 1 above), which is framed following difference between responsive versus preventive practices and practices in transactional versus relational employment relationships. Responsive retention practices in transactional employment relationships Transactional employment relationships are due to majorly time frame to respond and the scope of the retention needs are necessarily limited. It policies is in relation to pay and incentives which will help retain managers in HCN. Shaw et al., (1998). Responsive retention practices in relational employment relationships Relational employment contracts will include long term benefit for managers that are productive. For example Preventive retention practices in transactional employment relationships This is deals with managers that have been fulfilled, motivated, job satisfaction. Thus, entails assigning supervisory role to such managers and in order to retain them managing employees job expectations right from the beginning. Cappelli, (2000); Glisson and Durick, (1988). Preventive retention practices in relational employment relationships This involves equality of the highest order, treating the PCNs, HCNs or TCNs managers equally, in fairness, procedural justice and transparency. Bloom and Michel, (2002); Shaw, Delery, Jenkins, Gupta (1998) J.D. Shaw, J.E. Delery, G.D. Jenkins and N. Gupta, An organization-level analysis of voluntary and involuntary turnover, Academy of Management Journal 41 (5) (1998), pp. 511-525. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (120)Shaw et al., (1998). Conclusion This write up briefly emphasize the main characteristics of international staffing practices of IHRM. This provides an analysis of the various staffing policies, with a focus on the effect of the one-sided effect (ethnocentric staffing) and the deficit effect on the local subsidiaries, dealt with specific influence leading to staff turnover for local managers and also considered the advantages and the disadvantages of using the staffing model. Identifying the effect of international staffing practices on local staff turnover and ways to manage such turnover in order to retain also put into consideration mechanism put in place to reduce turnover and retain subsidiary staff and the management of such turnover. However, local staff are usually the progenitor of tactic knowledge which is the key knowledge and also the linking source towards good social network which is evidence show in scholars research. Sebastian. R, (2007). Therefore, this is an opportunity develop the capability of major local employee over a long period, improve their career and making them feel identified with the company because they serve as mechanism of gaining a competitive edge. A number of subsidiaries are fruitful and Multi- National Corporations are moving in that line for further investment. However, international staffing practice may take exception and might involve different structure, process and also different countries culture. (Porter, 1990 ) At this point, will say international organisation or Multi-National Corporation can adopt the pluralistic view and still need to enforce more attention in the management of the local managers.

Shakespeares Macbeth - The Character Flaw :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Character Flaw of Macbeth Everyone who is mortal has at least one flaw. Some flaws are more serious than others. For example, some people have addictions to gambling, while other people can not remember to put milk away after they use it. After a while though, a person's flaws come back to haunt them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tragedy MacBeth is no exception to this rule. In it, many of the characters die. The reason is that they have a flaw that eventually leads to their downfall. Not every character is deserving of his fate though. Some characters have a minor flaw that should not lead to their death. Others, however, have a major flaw that eventually leads to their death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MacBeth kills the first Thane of Cawdor for trying to lead a revolution against England. His fatal flaw was that he was, according to Ross, "a disloyal traitor". The thane of Cawdor was greedy and wanted the throne of England for himself. As a result, he was murdered. His murder was not really disheartening, though, because the Thane of Cawdor deserved his fate. He was leading a battle in which many lost their lives for the sake of greed, and deserved to die because of his flaw. Duncan was the King of England, and was murdered by MacBeth. He was murdered because in order for MacBeth to fulfill his plan and become king, Duncan would have to die. Duncan's fatal flaw was that he was too trusting. For example, he thought that none of his friends could really be enemies. If Duncan was more careful about his safety at MacBeth's castle, he may have had a chance to survive. However, Duncan's flaw was not something so horrible that he should die beca use of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most people need to trust each other more, and just because one person did, he should not have to die for it. MacBeth's former best friend, Banquo, was also killed by MacBeth. Banquo was killed because he knew too much about the murder of Duncan. That was not his fatal flaw, though. Banquo's fatal flaw was that, although he knew that MacBeth killed Duncan, he really did not do anything about it.   Banquo had many opportunities to tell someone such as MacDuff

Critiques of Ernest Hemingways Novel, Death in the Afternoon Essay

Critiques of Ernest Hemingway's Novel, Death in the Afternoon Ernest Hemingway's Death in the Afternoon shows a new side of Hemingway's writing which initially disappointed the critics. Published in 1932, Death in the Afternoon was not the expected fictional novel, but instead was more of a nonfiction description of bullfighting and Spanish culture in the 1920's and 1930's. In Curtis Patterson's words, "It is a tripartite work: bullfighting in Spain, plus semi-autobiographical details of the author, plus smut. The smut is lugged in by the ears, is unnecessary, is not amusing. The semi-autobiographical details make me faintly sick at my stomach. The explanation of, guide book to, apology for bull-fighting is absorbingly interesting."1 This book's focus on bullfighting is a complete transformation from Hemingway's previous novel A Farewell to Arms, which focuses on the war. Many critics see through this switch in subject matter, however, and propose that Hemingway's focus on bullfighting is really just a different way for him to express h is emotions towards the war. According to Malcolm Cowley, "Hemingway had found in bullfighting an emotional substitute for the war. It provided everything, travel, excitement, crowds like armies watching the spectacle of danger."2 The violent descriptions of the death and injuries of the bulls, horses, and bullfighters are expressions of his pent up feelings towards death and the war. When this book was first published, it sold poorly, in part because of the depression, and also because of the strange topic of bullfighting, which was unfamiliar to his readers. Although his writing style was still praised and respected, his subject matter was widely criticized, as H.L. Mencken... ...has interesting biographical facts and many pictures of Hemingway on his travels. www.lostgeneration.com/keywest.htm This website has excellent comments by Hemingway and reviewers about Death in the Afternoon, and his trips to Spain. 1 Stephens, Robert O., ed. Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Reception. New York: Burt Franklin & Co., Inc., 1997 p 118 2 Ryan, Frank L., The Immediate Critical Reception of Ernest Hemingway. Washington, D.C.: University of America Press, 1980 p. 19 3 Stephens, p. 123 4 Meyers, Jeffrey, ed. Hemingway: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge &Kegan Paul Ltd., 1982 p.173 5 Stephens, p. 121 6 www.lostgeneration.com/keywest.htm 7 Meyers, p. 22 8 Stephens, p. 115 9 Stephens, p. 119 10 Stephens, p.109 11 Stephens, p. 108 12 Stephens, p. 111 13 Stephens, p. 131 14 Meyers, p. 22 15 Meyers, p.24 16 Stephens, p. 112

Macbeth was basically a good man lead into evil ways Essay

The statement ‘Macbeth was basically a good man led into evil ways’ is one I agree with, to a certain extent. His evilness certainly progressed throughout the play, but his influences from the witches and Lady Macbeth and degree of goodness at the start is debatable. I shall also discuss the reasons for his destruction, which ties in the plays themes – for example ambition, order and disorder and guilt and conscience. The play opens with a scene of disorder – lightning and a coven of witches. This really sets the scene for the rest of the play. The disorder finally reflects on Macbeth, therefore leading to his destruction. When we watch the first scene we wonder how big a part the witches will play and how influential they will be. At the end of the scene we know that they are going to meet Macbeth and we are anxious to know what is going to happen to him. We also know that they are evil creatures and they intend to play around, their final words leave us with a feeling of uncertainty and disbelief; ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair, Hover through the fog and filthy air.’ The audience asks themselves what does this mean? Can good be bad? These words sum up a lot of the play; the good can be bad and vice versa. ‘Hover through the fog and filthy air’ tell us that the play will be evil and full of cunning schemes and dirty tricks. It is also wondered why Shakespeare didn’t introduce Macbeth in the first scene, as the play is entitled after his name. However, Shakespeare’s use of the witches in the first scene emphasises how influential they are. By going against the expected, the audience becomes more afraid of what will happen. The witches are unexpected and so add even more to the feeling of uncertainty and anxiousness. But was Macbeth good from the start? Firstly, in his defence, the king thought highly of him. Regarding the treason committed by the Thane of Cawdor, he says ‘What he hath lost noble Macbeth hath won’. By referring to Macbeth as ‘noble’ it gives him a good impression, that he is loyal and just, but in what sense it is directed is unsure. Is he referring to the character of Macbeth, or the military skills? As this scene is set on the battlefield and Macbeth is one of his best soldiers, he may have been referring to his military skills. But as the play commences we learn that Duncan and Macbeth are socially connected, as they dine at each other’s homes. So it does seem that Macbeth was seen as a good man at the start of the play. If this is true, what made Macbeth turn to evil ways? Firstly ambition played a part to start his destruction. In Act 1 scene 3 we first meet Macbeth, who has his first encounter with the witches, which has immediate effects. The first thing the witches say to Macbeth is; ‘All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis.’ ‘All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor.’ ‘All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter.’ By saying these things the witches immediately have the attention of Macbeth. In these times, the 15th and 16th centuries, many people believed in witchcraft. Between 1560 and 1603 hundreds of people (nearly all women) were convicted as witches and executed. So it is no surprise Macbeth believed theses things said to him, but maybe partly because he wanted to believe. Also the witches predict that Banquo’s son will become king and at the end of the play he does. However Macbeth does no know this. The audience think that the witches intend to create evil but they are not sure where, when and with whom. So they are not sure what to make of the predictions. We also learn in act 1 scene 3 more about the witch’s powers. One of the witches says; ‘Although the bark cannot be lost, yet it can be tempest tossed.’ She is speaking about a sailor’s wife who would not share her chestnuts so the witch will create a storm to sink the boat he is sailing in. This tells us that the witches have enough power to create a situation that could destroy, but not to physically destroy. So this is another argument to say that Macbeth was good from the start – the witches had him in their power. On the other hand Banquo did not believe what the witches said – showing he was more level headed. But when Macbeth finds out that Duncan appointed him as Thane of Cawdor, he really does believe in what the witches say. The witch’s power is well illustrated in this scene because they put Macbeth in the situation in which he could think of murder, but they do not suggest it directly. If they were trying to led Macbeth on then this scene tells us he is an easily lead person, as he seems deeply affected by the witches words – this weakness is also shown later in the play concerning Lady Macbeth and the plotting of a murder. This scene cleverly portrays the difference between how Macbeth and Banquo reacted to the witch’s predictions. Banquo is also offered great hope that his sons will be kings but he does not believe that good news can come ‘from voices of Satan’ and does not trust them even though they could become true. ‘Were such things here as we do speak about? Or have we eaten on the insane root,’ Banquo was used by Shakespheare to show that Macbeth must make the choice between good and evil. From the structure of this scene we are fairly sure he will choose evil. Yet Macbeth’s degree of evil is not yet shown, it is only at its potential stage. None of his bad thoughts about Malcolm being the successor to Duncan have not been taken into action. Lady Macbeth is partly to blame for this. In Act 1 scene 5 Lady Macbeth receives a letter from Macbeth, telling of his experience. She too believes that the witches are true. Her power and strong beliefs are soon shown when she says; ‘Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here And fill me from the crown to the toe topfull Of direst cruelty; make thick my blood †¦.Come to my woman’s breasts And take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers.’ This really shows the power and strength Lady Macbeth has. It also relates to the latter part of the play where it is clear that Lady Macbeth is the dominant person in their relationship. An argument brought forth by some is that this speech is a spell. We are led to believe further in the play that Lady Macbeth has witch qualities when she thinks she has blood on her. This is another characteristic of these times – people believed that this was a sign of a witch. So we cannot say that Macbeth was forced to murder King Duncan by the witches as the encouragement of Lady Macbeth is shown greatly in scene 7. The witches did not put the idea into Banquo’s head that he should murder Macbeth to ensure his son would become king, so therefore we cannot say that they put the idea into the head of Macbeth. Critics argue that Lady Macbeth was the one who forced Macbeth into killing Duncan. However, it was Macbeth who had the first thoughts of murder, In act 1 scene 5 Macbeth writes a letter to Lady Macbeth telling her about his meeting with the witches; ‘I have learned by the perfectest report they have more in them then mortal knowledge.’ This is untrue because Macbeth does not know that they were telling the truth and Banquo did not believe them in the same way. Therefore he does not know anything by the ‘perfectest report’. This shows us that Macbeth may have been trying to tempt Lady Macbeth into thinking the first thoughts of murder, leaving the blame lying with her, whilst attempting to clear his own conscience. Lady Macbeth’s character takes blame for the murder as she shows no sign of repent once the crime has been committed, until the end of the play when she becomes insane. Before the murder takes place she takes matters into her own hands, criticising her husband; ‘It (Macbeth’s nature) is too full o’th’milk of human kindness.’ She then says at the end of scene 5; ‘To alter favour is to fear, leave the rest to me.’ So the actual influence of Lady Macbeth is uncertain; she is either subconsciencly persuaded by Macbeth to persuade him, or she has an actual evil inside her. Macbeth’s evil really comes to its zenith when he becomes king. He has murdered, and lied just to gain power. Ambition over took him, fired on by the powers of the witches. It is debatable whether Macbeth was originally a good man who was led into evil ways, or if he was evil from the outset, but I believe that evil is made not born. The ethics and morals of people are created at childhood, through the observations of others, being told by parents what is right and what is wrong. This belief brings me to the conclusion that the witches had some uncontrollable force over him, whether this was a mental forced – sparked off by Macbeth’s great ambition or whether they had actual power I am uncertain. But for Macbeth to be so changed and affected by these creatures when his friend was encountered the same and not affected at all leads one to believe that he has a weakness in his character. So it is well argued to say that yes, Macbeth was a good man led into evil ways.

Post-war inequalities in British health and education Essay

Poverty or low disposable income often results in an inadequate environment and not only for the obvious lack of resources such as books, pens and paper. Damp housing can have severe effects on health resulting in lower school attendance rates, or low concentration levels if child is often feeling unwell. Not having an allocated area to study is also an important factor. Kellet and Dar (2007) discovered that in low income areas where housing was cramped, children claimed that ‘Television was a distraction from homework because of the noise†¦ Other distractions in the home environment were smoking, swearing, banging and loud music. ‘ Also that homework clubs were vital to the success of children from disadvantaged families. This study was performed by children, with the guidance and research techniques of sociologists, there for it is perceived as having a deeper and more honest insight in to children’s issues. Other class factors resulting in underachievement may be less obvious. Values differ between class perspectives and affect a child’s motivation. Bowes et al (1990, p119) states that working class children are more likely to leave school as soon as they can, to find a steady job. ‘ Where as the middle class value differed gratification and ‘Socialise their children in to wanting to remain in education in the hope of a better job when they do leave. ‘ This was confirmed by the Child Development survey, which found middle class students staying on at school and achieving better examination results. The Home and The school study (1964) found that ‘the degree of parent’s interest in their children’s education was the single, most important factor affecting attainment. ‘ (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). It found that ‘Middle class parents visited school more†¦ and were generally more interested in their child’s education. ‘ It also states that ‘an upper middle class child was five times more likely to get in to grammar school than a child from the lower working class. ‘ Further more ‘most of the working class pupils who were successful, came from homes where the mothers were â€Å"sunken middle class. † They wanted their children to do well and ‘expressed much parental interest,’ Bowes et al (1990, p119). This is because parental interest not only has a direct affect on the motivations and values of a child, but also on the school environment. Middle class parents, who often have more spare time and disposable income to invest in fundraising and extra curricular activities, can raise the standards of a school immeasurably. Making school a fun place to be, that is enjoyed by all the family, creates the positive learning environment that children thrive in. Quite understandably most working class parents are to busy â€Å"earning a crust† to find the time and energy to invest in such endeavors and as such adopt an â€Å"Education is the schools job† attitude. It is also understood that language has had a negative affect on the working class’s academic attainment. Professor Basil Bernstein has shown that the middle and lower classes use different patterns of speech. He called these patterns linguistic codes. According to Bernstein, most middle class children have been socialised in both restricted and elaborate codes, and are fluent in each. Whereas working class children are limited to the restricted code. Since teachers tend to be middle class and use the elaborate code, working class pupils are placed at a distinct disadvantage. There is also explanation for underachievement to be found in the â€Å"hidden curriculum† of a working class teacher, that is the subliminal messages he passes to children without intention. The cultural depravation theory states that children in the bottom classes are ‘deprived of important values, attitudes, experiences and skills which are essential to educational success,’ (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). This has been strongly criticised and there is evidence that if class differences in culture exist, they are slight and of little significance.

Implementing Code of ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Implementing Code of ethics - Assignment Example The management has the duty to promote the code and lead the rest of the staff in the implementation and practice of the provisions of the code. For an organization to begin the process of implementing a code of conduct, several questions have to be satisfied. One such question is the method used in the implementation. Once this has been settled upon, there is need to find out how the code will be publicised to all stakeholders within and outside the organization. The time at which this code will also be communicated and publicized is also an important issue. Another important question is what is needed to be done to ensure that the values as stipulated in the organization’s code of conduct are reflected in the practices and policies of a business nature that are relevant to the organization (Mamic, 2004). An organization gets its motivation from the mission and vision statement. They clearly and briefly state the purpose for the organization being in business. Therefore, in the formulation of a code of ethics, the overriding factor considered is the relationship that the provisions of the code will have with the vision statement and the vision statement. The management has to ensure that the code of conduct is relevant and in cohesion to the vision and mission statements of the organization. This will have the effect of strengthening the resolve of all the employees to work towards the goals of the organization. In the course of its operations, an organization comes up with policy statements to provide further guidelines to the employees of the company and other stakeholders, both within the organization and outside (Barth, 2003). These policy papers are essential in determining the way the company will relate with other organizations in the course of its operations, as well as providing specific guidelines that will serve to determine interactions between the employees of the organization. Policy statements are more of a boost to the rules and

Accountants' Ethics in Shaping the Companys Financial Reality Assignment

Accountants' Ethics in Shaping the Companys Financial Reality - Assignment Example An accountant working for a public company must also abide by the standards set forth by the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 and all other Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations. There specific ethical challenges accountants may face that can change the revenues of a company. For instance, if a company switches from LIFO to FIFO depreciation, it can overestimate or underestimate the revenues of the firm.   Whenever a change occurs in depreciation method accountants are supposed to reveal the change in the notes to the financial statements. The accounting profession requires people that have high moral and ethical standards in order to properly serve the best interest of a corporation.The financial services industry has been under heavy scrutiny in the United States ever since the government gave the banks a bailout package worth over $700 billion. There are ethical challenges the industry faces in multiple segments of the industry. Prior to 2008, the banking industry acted unethically in many of its decisions because it gave out home loans to people that did not qualify for loans under normal credit criteria. The risky loans created the housing bubble. The housing bubble was one of the main factors that led to the global recession. The supply for housing exceeded demand. The realtors acted as brokers instead of facilitators and they sold homes to people based on speculative price appreciations. Full compliance with the Sarbanes Oxley Act can help accountants comply with the highest ethical standards possible since SOX covers accountability, internal controls, and prevention of fraud issues. The top executive management teams are subject to prison terms of up to 25 years if the financial statements of public companies have material error or fraud. Overall financial risk can be mitigated in the financial industry by using sound diversification strategies.