Analysis of Book Titles in the Poisonwood Bible Essay

AnalysisPart II: Analysis of Book Titles Genesis Just like the first book in the Bible, the first book of The Poisonwood Bible is named Genesis. As well as the beginning, Genesis can also mean rebirth. When characters arrive in the Congo they realize the things they brought with them are changed by Africa and can no longer be as they once were. In this way, Genesis symbolizes the process of becoming their new selves. For instance, the first chapter in The Poisonwood Bible, narrated by Orleanna, strongly shows the guilt that the Congo had left her to live with after the death of Ruth May. Likewise, Eve, the first woman in Genesis, forced all of mankind to shoulder the guilt of eating the forbidden fruit. â€Å"I trod on Africa without a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"At last it is Independence Day, for Methuselah and the Congo† (185). The Judges The Book of Judges is the hardest title to analyze as far as relation to the text goes. However the quote from the Bible at the beginning of this book in The Poisonwood Bible gives a hint as to why Kingsolver might have chosen this name. It says, â€Å"And ye shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; ye shall throw down their altars†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (187). This quote, in the biblical sense, shows that God does not want the Israelites to associate themselves with the Canaanites or practice their beliefs, the main theme of the Book of Judges. However, the Israelites continue to practice pagan beliefs and intermarry with the people of Canaan while the Judges come back time and time again to save them. This situation is akin to Nathan’s relationship with the Price woman, especially Leah who stops believing in Nathan and God and builds her new religion from Anatole. This period in the book is when the girls no longer believe in Nathan, and therefore God, just like the Israelites after they conquered Canaan. â€Å"There’s a great holy war going on in my father’s mind, in which we’re meant to duck and run and obey orders and fight for all the right things, but I can’t always make out the orders or even tell which side I’m on exactly† (244). â€Å"I felt the breath of God grow cold on my skin† (310). Bel and the Serpent Barbra Kingsolver made a few obvious connections to Bel and the

The Financial Crisis Of The Subprime Mortgage Crisis

â€Å"The ongoing economic and financial turmoil that started in 2007 has again put financial institutions at the centre of harsh debate and massive critism,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦banks had gradually relaxed their screening and monitoring standards before the crisis, especially in the US subprime mortgage market. Then, they sharply curtailed new credit and forced ï ¬ rms to reduce their investments, hence propagating the financial crisis to the real economy,† (J.Godlewski, 2013, p1). The financial crisis which has been mentioned is the financial crisis occurred in 2008. Majority of consumers, companies and banks have overestimated the income prospects so that excessive amount of mortgages have been agreed by banks without effectively considering potential risk. It is claimed that lost incentives to the risk and lacked the effective risk management on the subprime mortgage loan in US partly initiated the financial crisis. Since global economics closely integrated that serious economic and financial crisis spread to European as well. (Moro, 2013) Considerable loss can also be reflected from different groups of people. Shareholders are proved to be the most seriously affected people. They suffered from losing majority or even all of the equity capital in the failed banks. â€Å"Equity capital is the part of the share capital of a company owned by ordinary shareholders,† (Reverso, 2014). Depositors’ bank account reduced while creditors of the banks cannot get their money bake either. Furthermore, borrowersShow MoreRelatedSubprime Mortgage Crisis : An Example Of A Financial Crisis1324 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion1. Subprime mortgage crisis is an example of a financial crisis that affected global markets worldwide. Give another example of a financial crisis in your discussions below. The subprime mortgage financial crisis which happened in 2008 to 2009.this crisis leaves the world in frightened. 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To help people understand theRead MoreFinancial Crisis And Responsibility With The Toxic Subprime Mortgages1588 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The case study discusses about the problems of meltdown of American economy due to the toxic subprime mortgages. This study combines the financial crisis and responsibility with ethical issues and moral hazards. It also gives a detailed description about the failure of world’s largest economy and tried to calculate its impact across various stakeholders. It goes inside the facts and analyzed different stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities towards the crash. It also discusses about theRead MoreThe Causes of Subprime Mortgage Financial Crisis Essay2193 Words   |  9 PagesThe Causes of Subprime Mortgage Financial Crisis By Jessica Tian Abstract The U.S.  subprime mortgage crisis  was a set of events that led to the  2008 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in  subprime  mortgage defaults and foreclosures. This paper seeks to explain the causes of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis and how this has led to a generalized credit crisis in other financial sectors that ultimately affects the real economy. In recent decades, financial industry has developed quicklyRead MoreThe Subprime Mortgage Crisis Devastated The Global Financial Market1031 Words   |  5 PagesWriting Assignment #2 Financial Market Yuxue Zhang The 2008 subprime mortgage crisis devastated the global financial market. People believed that the â€Å"Big Three† credit rating agencies played a significant role at various stages in the crisis. The Reuters, in an article published in 2011, even claimed that credit rating agencies triggered financial crisis. The Reuters believed that Moody’s Corp and Standard and Poor’s action of downgrading the rating on complex mortgages securities triggered theRead MoreFraud, Subprime Mortgages, And The Hidden History Of Financial Crisis Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesFraud, Subprime Mortgages, and The Hidden History of Financial Crisis â€Å"Hell is empty, and all the devils are here.† -William Shakespeare (The Tempest, Act1, Sn 2) Financial and economic experts still disagree over the specifics of what caused the recession of 2008. The fraudulent activities which resulted from the subprime mortgage crisisRead MoreThe Subprime Mortgage Crisis Devastated From The Global Financial Market1032 Words   |  5 PagesWriting Assignment #2 Financial Market Yuxue Zhang The 2008 subprime mortgage crisis devastated from the global financial market. People believed that the â€Å"Big Three† credit rating agencies played a significant role at various stages in the crisis. The Reuters, in an article published in 2011, even claimed that credit rating agencies triggered the financial crisis. The Reuters believed that Moody’s Corp and Standard and Poor triggered the worst financial crisis in decades by downgrading the ratingRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Subprime Mortgage Market Causing A Global Financial Crisis1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe collapse of the subprime mortgage market causing a global financial crisis (GFC) in 2007, has given the concept of securitisation a bad name. Securitisation is the process of conversion of receivables and cash flow generated from a collection or pool of financial assets into the marketable securities. Any asset that generates a cash flow can be securitised, which are then sold to capital market investors. Asset securitisation is the process whereby interests in loans and receivables are packagedRead MoreFinancial Crisis Related On The Subprime Mortgage Market And The U.s. Housing Market1713 Words   |  7 Pagesprevail on fraud charges, it has to establish reasonable reliance on the alleged misrepresentations or omissions. Most financial crisis related investigations focused on mortgage backed securities that banks sold consisted of subprime mortgages that are doomed to be defaulted. The misrepresentation argument goes that banks failed to disclose the low quality of the mortgages and substantial risks of default that are associated with them. However, banks can conveniently raise the defense that theRead MoreDeregulation Is The Underlying Cause Of The 2007 / 08 Financial Crisis1382 Words   |  6 Pagesand there’s no regulations of derivatives. The Financial crisis in 2007-2008 brought the massive hurt to everyone in the world. The worldwide financial problem affected thirty million people loosing their jobs and cause many countries getting close to go bankrupt (Peah, 2014). This is the global issue that everyone should be consider of. The purpose of this essay is to determine if the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financial crisis. The essay argues the deregulation was the underlying

GST on Solar Panel Batteries †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the GST on Solar Panel Batteries. Answer: Introduction: The impact of lowering the Goods and Services Tax (GST) levy on batteries from 28% to 5% on battery market in India has both negative and positive implications. After the Goods and Services Tax Council had declared that the GST levy on batteries would be lowered an impact such as a four percent marginal increase in the cost of solar power projects on account of putting the item applicable under taxation, was declared by consulting firm Bridge to India (BTI) (Miller,2012). The tax rate of five percent on solar panel batteries would essentially mean that lowering the GST levy on solar panel batteries would not affect this flourishing and prospering industry. This is a legitimate fear on the part of the solar industry because so far they had been under tax exemption. A GST levy of 28% indicated that there would probably be a calculated rise in overall project cost by about 12% comprising of an increased module cost by 5%, approximate 12% in inverter cost and 3% to 5% in all maintenance costs. It had also been said that this new increased rate would strike more than ten gigawatt of ongoing scale of utility of solar power projects thereby imposing a threat on their viability (Miller,2012). Another major implication is that Indian solar developers depend largely upon import. However with lowering of the GST levy on batteries, the cascading effect has been eliminated allowing them to compete with the international firms (Sen et al., 2016). The amount depreciable on solar panels has also decreased from 80% to 40%, as per finance bill 2016 (Raj, 2017). In the picture above it can be observed the goods and services covered under different tax slabs of the Goods and Services tax module (Raj, 2017). The impact of lowering GST on batteries on Electric Vehicle (EV) market in India is that there have been more positive implications than the negative ones. This is because of the concept of one nation one tax. Previously different states in India used to fall under different tax slabs, as a result this used to impose a cascading effect on the business as a whole but introduction of a uniform tax throughout the nation gives each and every dealer a fair chance to excel. Although there have been concerns as to how to increase the acceptability of the electric vehicles for the Indian customers, lowering the GST levy will definitely inspire the customer base in India to use electric cars more frequently (Roy, Motiani Dewani, 2014). In the above picture as it can be observed, the highest tax reduction has occurred in the case of electric cars thus creating more demand among consumers for electric cars. However putting the electric vehicle industry under 12 percent tax head may prove to be harmful for this industry. This is because states like Rajasthan Uttarakhand are liable to pay zero percent VAT on Electric Vehicles but now due to tagging 12 percent GST on this industry a negative impact on sales as the entire cost of production will go up by 12%. Some of the recommendations regarding this matter are that the tax slab for electric vehicles should have started from zero percent in order to give the electric vehicle market a good boost. The impact of lowering Goods and Services Tax the impact of lowering the GST on batteries from 28% to 5% on petrol vehicle market in India is that there would not be any significant impact on the market as the tax rate will remain more or less same, altogether. According to the information in the picture, it can be observed that, excluding the midsize cars, there has been hardly any change in the tax slab after introduction of Goods and Services Tax. GST has almost paved the way for a flourishing petrol vehicle market in India. It has provided the much needed push to the market. For an instance the well known automobile company Mercedes, has lowered the price of their high end models by seven lakh and has also established a price drop of four percent on average. According to some of the industry experts lowering the GST levy will also lead to surplus investments both on the part of the dealer network and the origin companies. This will lead to more demand for manpower and will generate intra-levels employments both from the dealers and the manufacturers. GST as a tax rate structure may as well change the entire pattern of the car market which was until now dominated by hatchbacks. Now with the levy on GST, more buyers will become interested in mid-size sedans and SUVs. The proposal of lowering GST on batteries by solar energy storage manufacturers does definitely help the governments push towards reaching a 100 per cent Electric Vehicle (EV) nation by 2030 (Shekhawat et al., 2013). A lowering of Goods and Services Tax has definitely motivated the manufacturers and dealers of electric vehicles to further improve their product and execute extensive marketing policies in order to make the products more accessible and lucrative. The GST rate of other vehicles have either increased or decreased by a minimal level, thus providing the electric vehicle market further scope to excel. However some experts are of the opinion that for the first three or four years, the government could have declared a full waiving off of taxes on electric vehicles in order to provide some experience to the producers as well as consumers. It would also have been helpful as India still aspires to gain expertise in this market. Although the government has decided to balance tax r evenue collection but a short-term relief would have been great. The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Power, Coal, New Renewable Energy should consider the proposal of hundred percent electric vehicle nation by 2030 because with the rising level of pollution due to vehicular emissions has reached threatening levels and should be curbed as soon as possible (Lutsey, 2015). India being on the threshold of development, in a short span of time is adapting to the fast paced lifestyle, thus the usage of private vehicle is increasing day by day. Therefore the substitution of petrol or diesel based vehicles with electric ones is a much valid proposal and should be considered with utmost importance. To understand in a better the picture below, may be considered. References Lutsey, N. (2015). Global climate change mitigation potential from a transition to electric vehicles. Miller, D. (2012). Selling solar: the diffusion of renewable energy in emerging markets. Routledge. Raj, R. (2017). Goods and Services Tax in India. Roy, P., Motiani, M., Dewani, P. P. (2014). Are we set for Electric Cars? Questioning the Environmental Readiness of India. Sen, S., Ganguly, S., Das, A., Sen, J., Dey, S. (2016). Renewable energy scenario in India: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 122, 25-31. Shekhawat, V., Saini, A. K., Roy, H., Jayaraj, R. (2013). A Block Rateapproach to fuel pricing policy for Urban Traffic congestion reduction in India. IBA JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP, 5(1), 7.

Analysis of The Persuaders free essay sample

The following essay is a summation of the OPB documentary The Persuaders, a journalistic inquiry into the history and global effects of marketing and big advertising. The film explains the process of creating an emotional brand, and identifies the impacts it has on society. The narrator closes the film with a statement to the audience: No matter how well a product is marketed, its not a part of you, its just a product. The Persuaders begins by pessimistically giving the audience a brief history of marketing strategies. We learn that advertising and brand establishment was a pretty cut-and-dry science until the 1990s when an epiphany shook the paradigm; giving meaning to a product. The effects of this trend are shown in the film through Song Airlines, a new start-up struggling to market effectively. They decide on an advertising gimmick; appealing to women on an emotional level. Their commercials dont feature any airplanes, traveling, or men. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of The Persuaders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I didnt enjoy the films lack of journalistic integrity. Advertisers are viewed as guerrilla terrorists, and the entire documentary tries to condition us into having an opinion that marketing is cluttering the first world and deculturalizing society. OPB could have been a tad bit more neutral in their presentation. I dont personally consider the techniques described in this video to be an invasion of anyones privacy. I think some consumers can be manipulated into emotionally identifying with a brand or product. Its up to the individual to understand that and infer if its natural for them or not. I love BMWs, and I always think of The Hire when people talk about commercials. The Hire is a series of eight short films written for BMW, directed by an ensemble of popular filmmakers, and starring Clive Owen (Madonna makes a cameo as well). The Hire is colloquially defined as branded content, but to me the BMW is so seamlessly integrated into the narrative that it becomes a MacGuffin. In conclusion, The Persuaders is a pseudo-journalistic piece on the dangers of marketing. I dont personally agree with the overall opinion of the documentary, but if you peel away the layers youll find it to be an informative film. I hope you enjoyed my essay and thank god for TiVo.

Neurophysiology Lab Report Sample

Neurophysiology Lab Report Paper Continue to increase voltage by 0. V and click single stimulus until you find Max voltage. Maximal Voltage = 10. V Record data Activity 2 Mechanical Stimulation 1. Clear the oscilloscope. 2. Drag the glass rod over the nerve, and release it to indicate the rod is touching the nerve. What do you see on the oscilloscope? (An action potential trace. ) How does this tracing compare? (It has action potential, but different voltage from previous tracings. Activity 3 Thermal Stimulation Click on the glass rod and drag it to the heater. Click the heat button. When the rod turns red, indicating its been heated, click and drag it over the nerve. What happens? (The action potential of the tracing looks like it increases. ) How does this trace compare to the unheated glass rod? (Action potential is higher. ) Explanation? (The heated glass rod affects the nerve more than the cool glass rod. ) Activity 4 Chemical Stimulation 1. Click and drag the sodium chloride bottle over to the nerve to dispense drops. Does this generate action potential? (No action potential takes place. ) 2. Look at activity 1 and use voltage and click single stimulus. Is there anything Yes - Yes different? (No difference. ) Record data Nasal: Action Potential-Yes 3. Clean nerve chamber, and clear the oscilloscope. 4. Click and drag HCI to nerve chamber Action Potential- Yes Different form threshold stimulus? No. 5. Clean nerve chamber. 6. Print data. What kinds of stimuli can elicit an action potential? Voltage > or HCI Activity 8 Measuring Nerve Conduction Velocity See lab manual. E. Results Experiment: Eliciting a Nerve Impulse Activities 1-4 Voltage Glass Barnacle Heat Action Potential 3. 0 v Yes . V 10. 0 Yes Yes Experiment: Nerve Conduction Velocity Activity 8 Nerve Type Time (mess) Distance (mm) Conduction Velocity Worm 5. Ass mm 8. 60 m/sec Frog . Ass mm 27. 56 m/sec Rata 2. Ass mm 16. 67 m/sec Rat 2 1. So mm 43 reset F. Discussion = 3. OVA, Nasal, In this experiment I investigated, the neurophysiology of different types of nerves. In activities 1-4, I found what stimulates the nerve through different types of methods. We used mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimulation on the nerve to find an action potential on the given nerve. We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In activity 8, we measured the nerve conduction velocity of different types of nerves. The nerves were tested were the earthworm, frog, and two rat nerves. The worm had the slowest conduction velocity, followed by the first rat, then the frog, and the fastest one was the second rat. My conclusions about this experiment are that given enough voltage, or a chemical, mechanical, or thermal stimulation action potential can be found in a nerve. Other factors that play a role in finding an action potential were natural substances such as Nasal, HCI, and ethanol.

Comparison Essay on High School and College

Comparison Essay on High School and College Comparison Essay on High School and College Some people may mistake college as a simple step above high school, but an examination of the two levels of study reveals that there are indeed numerous differences between the two. One of the differences is in the nature of classes in college and in high school. In high school classes, assignments and learning materials that are to be used to complete the assignments are provided for the students. High schools also normally have guidance counselors to help students determine what advanced core and elective courses they may be interested in taking, especially as it pertains to preparing for a college or a vocation. In college, the situation is very different because it is the students who are charged with the responsibility to decide the kinds of classes that they should take until they graduate. If a student has challenges in selecting a unit, the student may make an appointment with a course advisor. However, colleges do have counseling and guidance offices to help students look at what they might be interested in as a career and to help them plan accordingly. Even so, college students are rarely given the materials that they need for their study and therefore , unlike high school, must purchase the necessary texts and other learning material. Another difference is that, compared to college professors, high school teachers tend to be more accommodating towards their students. For instance, high school teachers tend to be more interested in knowing the name of each and every student in their class while college professors rarely relate names to the faces of their students. Also, high school teachers are more likely to closely monitor the grades of their students, ensure that all the students access the required notes, find out why a student may have missed a class, and even remind the students of assignments and future examinations. High school teachers are also more likely to accept a late submission of assignments or even call a student’s parents to inquire about a student who may have missed class. On the other hand, college professors rarely pay attention to the attendance habits of their students and do not make any effort to ensure that all their students pass or score good grades in their subjects. If a studen t misses a class, a college professor is unlikely to follow up and give the student the notes he missed. Instead, it will be up to the student to figure out from whom to get the notes that he missed when he did not attend class. Finally, it is not uncommon to meet a college professor even after graduating from college and not be recognized by that professor, unlike the case of high school teachers who remember some students long after graduation. In high school, it is very easy to get one-on-one time with a teacher because all that one has to do is to schedule a time before or after school. In college, one has to book an appointment in order to have a one-on-one time with a professor, and it is not always a guarantee that after booking the appointment, the professor will keep the appointment. You can buy a comparison essay online at essay writing service. You will get a superior-quality custom compare and contrast paper written from scratch!

Final exam quesiton 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final exam quesiton 2 - Essay Example Moreover, this resulted in the decline of the importance of family that was considered sacred in the Indian traditions. There was also a decrease in the importance of the family, whereby young people began making important life choices, which were previously made by their parents. For instance, parents made decisions such as who to marry, and where to work for their Indian children. The world war two also played an important social role in that, the war set families in motion, dragging them out of farmsteads and out of small towns and relocating them into large urban areas such as New Delhi.  Were it not for this war, many Indians would still be living in rural areas and some high levels of developments would not have been attained. Moreover, in my opinion, the Second World War affected greatly the racial discrimination, which existed prior to the war. This happened in that the different races, people of Indian origin and Americans integrated in the war for a common objective. Previously, the marines excluded the Indians where they were used as

Private law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Private law - Essay Example Shah was also disappointed when his application to obtain his academic qualifications for an award in respect to first degree was rejected. This is an example of humiliation and discriminatory approach to demean immigrant students in relation to educational qualifications. Refusal to admit qualified students to pursue their first-degree award is punishable by law. Additionally, LEA refused to award a first degree putting into consideration mere facts that Shah had failed to prove to them beyond reasonable doubt that he was an ordinary resident of the United Kingdom. These are the facts that made Shah sue LEA. The point of argument in this case is that this student believes discriminatory treatment for immigrants is still carried out in the UK without considering the domicile statutes and jurisdictions of the land. This student says that L.E.A misdirected them by putting the judgmental laws into their own hands. This educational body misleads themselves in relation to wrong application of the test of respect of ordinary residences. To begin, education in the recent past has been globalized with various races seeking education wherever they want in the world. Therefore, this implies that as much as Shah may be an immigrant in the UK, his freedom and rights to education must always be aptly upheld. Per se statutory jurisdictions especially in relation to the Rome Statutes acknowledges right to education whether a person is an immigrant or ordinary citizens of a given state (Sendall 123). This implies that L.E.A breached the law when it failed to honour Shah by giving him a mandatory award o r even a failing to consider his alternative application. The fact of this case as it stands is that out of the five students, none of them had no right to abode in the United Kingdom. However, they deserved an explanation as to why they were not academically honoured and why their

What Justice means to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What Justice means to me - Essay Example mbers since these laws were structured in accordance to the morals of the society and the Bible as well as the sense of justice innate to every individual otherwise known as conscience. However, most of the time, laws are not implemented as intended due to personal biases of implementing officers and external influences that causes authorities of the law to commit injustices to individuals. An example of good laws that are not effectively implemented would be the case of Criminal Justice in the United States. Before stating my view on a good approach on implementing laws in practicing as a Criminal Justice professional, it would be best to examine the laws applicable to Criminal Justice and citing examples of unprofessional conduct in implementing these laws. In the U.S. Constitution, justice for individuals is characterized by protection from unreasonable searches or seizures; ensure that individuals to undergo due process of law; compensation for property acquired from individuals; criminally accused individuals are to be provided with legal counsel and fair trial; and protection from suffering extreme punishment and unnecessary bail. Protection from unreasonable searches or seizures, which are described in the Fourth Amendment under the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution, safeguards individuals from house, property or personal searches and seizure or arrest without a warrant duly issued by authorities who, in turn, had reasonably established a probable cause to issue a warrant (Cornell). This also includes car searches; an example of this would be the case of Rodney Joseph Grant who was arrested on the road for suspected possession of illegal drugs and the arresting officers on the spot, without a search warrant, searched his car. This case was controversial since the police officers were prompted to immediately search the car so the suspect can be taken into custody thus clearly violating the Fourth Amendment of the Bill of Rights. Another law that

Mark Test of Mirror Self-recognition | Analysis

Mark Test of Mirror Self-recognition | Analysis Critically evaluate the Mark test of mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers. When adults look in the mirror they can possibly say with confidence that they, as adults, know it is their own refection gazing back at them; it is possible that this stems from the fact that they recognise or hold a mentally represented self –image of what they usually look like, which has probably emerged from many mirror reflections, to everyday explicit beliefs which probably provides them with a representation of themselves. But can it be assumed that Mirror-Self-Recognition (MSR) of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers, can enable them to distinguish from the currently perceived reflected self-mirror image, and their mentally represented self-image (i.e. when a child looks in the mirror they know that it is themselves they are looking at), as argued by Wheeler, Donald, Stuss Tulving 1997, (also see Wheeler et al, (1997) for an in depth discussion about self-recognition and autonoetic consciousness). However, this essay will critically evaluate the Mark-Test of MSR whi ch claims that toddlers (18 to 24 months) must have a real concept of their own self-awareness when gazing into a mirror. However, there has been some controversy as to whether MSR tasks actually measures conceptual self –awareness, or are they measuring something completely different. Some of these debates surrounding MSR tasks (Lean and Rich alternative interpretations of MSR) will be explored only after briefly defining the ‘self’ and discussing the mark test of mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness. Conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is perhaps one of the most widely debated issues in the literature of Developmental Psychology to date (Rochat, 2003). This is because self-awareness is the capacity to explicitly introspect about one’s own consciousness, (i.e. feelings, attitudes, opinions) and as noted by a number a researchers, introspection is a very hard concept to operationalise because they have to rely on self-reports as evidence of what they are trying to explore; especially in young children (Schooler, 2002). With that said, some attempts of introspection in regards of conceptual self-awareness, historically to the present day, have argued introspection can provide important insights of self-concept in development (implicitly, and explicitly), which can possibly provide answers as to why/and or how they develop and hold a concept of the ‘self’ (Neisser 1998; Rochat, 2004). For example, as language matures in development and a child is able to talk ab out something, they are probably consciously aware of what they are talking about (Neisser, 1998) and thus probably is able to distinguish themselves as a separate entity to the environment and others. Most relevant studies have demonstrated that toddlers begin to form a self-concept at around the ages of 18 months, and are able to distinguish much earlier that they are different from their environment, that is, their hands, legs, and fingers belong to them, whereas the table when they touch it belongs to the environment. This normally emerges in the first few months of life and is what Neisser (1998) arguably suggested, originates from two forms of ‘self’. The term ‘self’ in developmental psychology is normally divided into two levels. The first of these levels is the lower level, which is referred to as the ‘self as the subject of consciousness’ such as the knower, the experiencer, and the agent of activity. The second level is the higher and more sophisticated level, which is normally referred to as the, ‘self as the object of consciousness’, which consists of thoughts about cognition about the self (Neisser 1998). Research does not indicate that young babies (birth to 18 months of age) are explicitly aware of themselves; rather this kind of self-awareness is experiencing themselves as doing things (which are basic implicit or perceptually based aspects of the self) and as they mature and learn from their surrounding environments, from their awareness of experiencing (Neisser, 1998). This then provides them with the foundations of thinking about themselves more conceptually, which normally begins to emerge at around 18 months of age when language is more mature, and they develop an awareness that other people and objects are different from themselves, which then translates into a more conceptual self-awareness (the foundations of forming a personality) (see Neisser 1998 and Rochat, 2003). In relation to Neisser’s (1998) and Rochat’s, (2003; 2004) ideology of forming a self-concept, a number of measures from an evolutionary and biological viewpoint were developed to measure whether animals had some form of consciousness; this measure is known as ‘the mirror test of self-recognition’ and was first devised by Gallup (1970), to establish whether chimpanzees can identify with their own reflection in a mirror as an appearance of itself. Part of this procedure of the mirror test, is that the animal is usually marked with a dye, and is then usually observed to see if the animal responds in a manner that is consistent with it being aware of the dye on their own body. The frequency of how many times the animal touched the marked area is then recorded. Mark –directed behaviour might include touching the marking, trying to remove the mark with their fingers, or turning and adjusting the body for a better view in the mirror; which is generally tak en as evidence of passing the MSR task (Gallup, 1970). Similar explanations are used as a gauge of entrance of the mirror stage or the conceptual self, which is normally referred to as the belief that human infants can recognise their own reflection in the mirror (Evans, 2005). Most academics agree that MSR implies that children must have a self- concept if they pass the mirror test, and most children start showing mark directed behaviour (i.e. trying to remove the mark) at around 18 to 24 months (Lewis Brookes-Gunn, 1979). However it can be argued that MSR stems from much simpler cognitive explanations. For example, using a Lean or a more Conservative viewpoint of MSR, both Heyes (1994) and Mitchell (1997) argue that children match their own sensations with their own visual image of with what they perceive in the mirror. This suggests that one does not need a self-concept of what one looks like. Measures to test this comes from evidence such as the ability to match visual input and kinaesthetic feedback (see Heyes, 1994 Mitchel, 1997). Likewise, Loveland (1986) argues that what MSR behaviour measures is an understanding of the reflective property of mirrors, that is, the body parts that infants cannot normally see can be explored using a mirror (for example, a child cannot normally see their face, but with a mirror they can). Loveland suggests that passing the MSR task (marks test) just shows that children have probably learned how to use a mirror to view their own body. Both Heyes and Loveland’s interpretations of MSR tasks do not really tell one much regarding self-awareness, rather all you need is ecological self-awareness (see Neisser, 1988) to pass the MSR task. As already noted earlier, Neisser (1998) argues that self-awareness develops much earlier than MSR evidence suggests. Therefore the MSR tasks is probably rather limited in explaining and validating their argument. However, there is lots of counter-evidence that does seem to suggest that you do need conceptual self-awareness or ecological self-awareness to pass the MSR. For example, Nielsen, Suddendorf, and Slaughter (2006) tested self-recognition of legs (they developed these measures as a way to measure self-conceptual awareness for appearance). Children were placed in a high chair with a tray that obscured the view of their own legs. A mirror was placed in front of their view which was angled so that the children could view only their legs. In the first of two experiments, a within subjects design was used as the leg version vs. face version. A sticker was placed either on their leg or the front of their hair. It was found that very similar numbers of children passed the leg and face task (18mths olds). This shows that leg recognition was just as easy as face recognition. However, this still leaves this question open as to whether mark directed behaviour in either conditions implies self-rec ognition of conceptual self-awareness. In other words, does this really imply that infants know what their faces look like or legs look like; so one could possibly argue what would happen if the mirror image does not match what they see? To investigate this, Nielsen et al. (2006) added another condition called the novel trousers condition. Children were placed in a high chair with integrated trousers (which they could not see). The trousers were attached to the high chair. When the child was placed in the chair their legs slipped straight into the trousers. In the test, only 13% of children recognised themselves in the novel-trousers condition. Nielsen et al. argued that therefore that children do have a self-concept of ‘this is what I look like’. This suggests that mark-directed behaviour does indicate self-recognition and must imply conceptual self-awareness. Children must have a representation of what they look like, which gets easily updated, as they did not recognise wearing those trousers, therefore not reaching for the sticker; the child thinks that the image is not themselves (Nielson et al., (2006) . So far this essay has suggested that some people do not believe that MSR guides self-awareness (which are Lean interpretations). Nevertheless, there is also some Rich interpretations. Both Lewis (2003) and Gallup (1998) believe that MSR involves more than basic interpretations of conceptual self-awareness. Both these researchers argue that MSR assesses the ability to introspect and reflect on their own mental states (beliefs, desires, pretend play and knowledge). This is more of a sophisticated form of self-awareness, than basic conceptual self-awareness, which typically represents holding a Theory of Mind (ToM) (See Premack Woodruff’s (1978) paper for an insightful analysis on whether chimpanzees hold a theory of mind). Nevertheless, Lewis (2003) argues that MSR is an early appearance of ToM, supporting the Rich interpretation of MSR; there is a relationship between pretend play which might guide ToM and MSR, which may provide some support for this idea. On the other hand, there is other bases of evidence against the Rich interpretations. For example, several animals display MSR (however none of these animals display pretend play, and none of them pass ToM (Povinelli Vonks, 2003 on chimpanzees). Moreover, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also show very poor theory of own mind but they show MSR by the mental age of 18 months, demonstrating evidence against the idea. Clearly there are problems with both Rich interpretations and Lean interpretations of MSR (see Williams, 2010 for a deeper account). In conclusion the mark –test of MSR has been the subject of intense debate regarding whether a child at 18 to 24 months holds a real self-concept of self-awareness when looking into a mirror. Mark-directed behaviour has been questioned as to whether it measures conceptual self-awareness or whether it is testing something completely different. Alternative interpretations (Lean and Rich) argue that MSR does not guide self-awareness, rather mark directed behaviour can probably be explained by simpler cognitive accounts. Both sides of the debate (Lean and Rich interpretations) also have their criticisms as some researchers argue that Lean and Rich interpretations may not be correct interpretations of MSR, as self-awareness gets updated regularly. Moreover, the ability to reflect on one’s own mental states relies on the early appearance of Theory of Mind and the relationship between pretend play, but this too has been questioned as some researchers argue that several animals also display MSR (however none display pretend play, and none pass Theory of Mind tests). Nonetheless, mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is difficult to conclude, because although adults can reflect implicitly what they are consciously thinking, this may not be the case for children; probably conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is a gradual process. That is, the more they experience the world and the objects within it, the more they become aware of their own private and conscious thoughts; however this is hard to measure definitively using the mark-directed behaviour test. References Evans, D. (2005). From Lucan to Darwin. The literacy animal; Evolution and the nature of narrative. Northwestern University Press, 38-55. Gallup, G., G., Jr. (1970). Chimpanzees: Self-Recognition. Science 167 86-87 Gallup, G., G., Jr. (1998). Self-awareness and the evolution of social intelligence. Department of Psychology, State University of New York. Heyes. C., M. (1994). Reflections on self-recognition in primates. Anim. Behav., 47, 909-919. Lewis, M.., Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979).Social cognition and the acquisition of self. New York: Plenum Press. Lewis, M. (2002). The emergence of consciousness and its role in human development. New York Academy of sciences. Loveland, K. (1986). Discovering the Affordances of a Reflecting Surface. Developmental Review. 6, 1 -24. Mitchell, R., W. (1997). A Comparison of the Self-Awareness and Kinaesthetic-Visual Matching Theories of Self-Recognition Autistic Children and Others. Annals New York Academy of Sciences. Nielsen, M., Suddendorf, T., Slaughter, V. (2006). Mirror Self-Recognition Beyond the Face. Child Development, 77, (1) 176-185. Neisser, U. (1998). The Roots of Self-knowledge: Perceiving Self, It, and Thou. Annals New York Academy of sciences. Premack, D. G., Woodruff, G. (1978). â€Å"Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind. â€Å" Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 1 (4) 515 -526. Povinelli, D. J., Vonk, J. (2003). The Chimpanzee minds: Suspiciously Human. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (4) 157-160. Rochat, P. (2003).Five levels of self-awareness as they unfold early in life.Consciousness and Cognition, 12(4): 717–73 Rochat, P. (2004). Origins of Self-Concept. Blackwell Publishers, LTD. Schooler, J. (2002) Re-representing consciousness: dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness. Trends Cognition. Sci. 6, 339–344 Wheeler, M., A., Stuss, D., Tulving. E. (1997). Toward a Theory of Episodic Memory: The Frontal Lobes and Autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bullets, 121 (3) 331-354. Williams, D. (2010). Theory of own mind in autism: Evidence of a specific deficit in self-awareness. City University, London.

Comparing How Advertisements Use Language and Presentation to Persuade

In this capitalist society people are persuaded by advertisers to consume products which are not even needed. Companies need people to consume in order for the economy to flourish. People who already have cars which still perform well do not really require the replacement of a further one. Cars are pretty similar to one another; all cars have one principle in their manufacture which is to move from one place to another (transport). The difference which divides the cars in groups is the engine size, colour/finish, gadgetry etc. However, it is these differences which persuade people to consume cars even if there is no need to purchase one. This is the job of companies; they sell so called 'dream cars' which have fancy gadgets and fast engines etc to satisfy the aspiration of the reader and persuade them to purchase the cars, even though their present one is in fine condition. People are persuaded because of peer and social pressure which intentionally makes them believe that neighbouring people are laughing at them because of their cheap car. This belief makes a person reckon that other people are taunting them, which causes people to consume cars which they believe to have a higher standard. This pattern of behaviour is constructed by marketing departments. Advertisers look for their target audience for their advertising campaign. These could be male/female, A-class people, or even retired people. The advertisers look at people's deepest fears and desires which will make the pitch hard to resist and they manipulate and take advantage of people with these fears and desires. There are all sorts of media that can be used to persuade ta... ...heir powerful medium which draws on people's deepest fears and desires. For this reason we must be discerning as consumers and critical of advertisers. There are also implications of such powerful advertising techniques for our society. There are environmental concerns like pollution and stereotypes are reinforced e.g. the 'MGZS' advert is very problematic since it is based on the construct of muscularity and it suggests that men are risk takers (Genetically Modified) and are sexual breeders (Testosterone Fuelled) which is sexist and excludes women from the advert. Similarly in the 'Lexus RX300' advert stereotypes of rich people are reinforced by presenting luxury and hunting which relates to prosperous people. This excludes large sections of the society, not only women but disabled people, ethnic minorities and so on.

Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma Review Essay

This book was the bases and the most informative piece I have seen on a review of Pocahontas life in my perspective. Pocahontas life is a difficult piece of history to analysis for the fact that her life is only denoted by other persons of history writings. She has no known piece of writing of her own so all knowledge is personal based of outside parties. This makes it for sometimes difficult to truly believe everything for many of the views were from white men during a time period where they had not seen many females weren’t around. I believe the author thesis of the book for the Pocahontas part was her involvement with the English and her growth throughout her life. The other thesis of the book from the Powhatan side was there involvement with the English as well and there plan to use the culture but at the same time push them away. Within the first five chapter of Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma it gives you a base review of history. This first part of the book it explains the culture of the Powhatan and how they are laid out. At this point in the book within the first chapter we find out that Pocahontas is only 9 years of age and her mother is nowhere to be found, but her father is Powhatan the chief of many native people and villages. It talks about the arrival of English in 1603 and we learn that many ships have come before us truly being to talk about John Smith and Jamestown. It also mention the arrival of Don Luis and the Spanish, but doesn’t get into much detail he just seems to pop up with the first few chapters her and there. We learn that Pocahontas name means â€Å"mischief† or the â€Å"little playful one.† The author tells us that the native were not completely different from the Europeans just simply behind the times. We also learn that within the native culture of the Powhatan that there chiefs do not come from the next up son, but from marriage of the daughters. We also learn that the Europeans felt that the women of the tribes need to be saved due to their work in the fields and other jobs around the village. It speaks of the native’s religion of their belief in spirits within everything. John Smith comes into play in 1606 when the English begin to prepare for the Virginia campaign. What I learn from John Smith was that he was a captain that has been captured a lot and has  numerous stories of being saved by women that fall lustful in love with. As kids watching films and stories we are told of Pocahontas is her and John Smith fall in love, but at the time of them meeting Pocahontas would’ve been ten years of age. The plans of the English and John Smith was to: improve native culture, use the land properly, get there before the Spanish, and bring English enlighten, and a place to send the unemployed English. One of the main fears that I read about in the reading was the fear of the English to become like the Indians. The term we learned in class for this is recolonization. After the landing John Smith gets taken by the Powhatan and convince them not to kill him by way of trade. He promises them weapons which out of smarts gives them a cannon which cannot be moved. Both the native and the English realize the need of each. Without one another the English could not survive without food and the natives want weapons or easier put there technology. Over time many English were sent to live with natives to learn their culture and a native would be sent with the English. The most notable was Pocahontas herself was sent with the English to learn their language and lifestyle. The book talks of Pocahontas marriage first to a native warrior, but it fails to mention what happens to him. She later marries John Rolfe an English man who experience much of the reverse colonization. Before her marriage though Pocahontas was kidnapped one of the main characters they looked over her kidnapping was Sir Thomas Dale who was the first Marshall of Virginia. Pocahontas would declare herself a Christian in 1616 and then start her life with John. They would build a log on the land John was granted from the Virginia Company. They would have two children together in their lifetime. Shortly after being settled in there Pocahontas would go to London and experience true English culture. Pocahontas would become very ill around the time the Rolfe family was ready to head back to Virginia. Pocahontas died on March 21, 1617 in the Rolfe inn. What I learned from this book that for someone of her time period and of native culture Pocahontas got to see much more than any Native American of her time period for sure. I learned that much of what we were taught or told of her in are childhood was wrong. I learned that john smith stories  could not be trusted. The feeling I receive as well is Pocahontas rejected her culture and tribe, but in return was probably rejected in a way due to her mother situation. Though she might have be royal in a way just from some of the information I read. The book was good though and I enjoyed the insist of Pocahontas life.

A List of Notorious Male Criminals from A-Z

A List of Notorious Male Criminals from A-Z Mumia Abu-Jamal MurdererAbu-Jamal murdered police officer Daniel Faulkner. His case became a platform for groups such as the anti-globalization movement, anti-death penalty groups, and the Black Nationalist movements who proclaim he is innocent. Mehmet Ali Agca Turkish AssassinMehmet Ali Agca shot Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981, in Saint Peters Square. Before the Pope John Paul died the two met face to face for over 30 minutes. John Eric Armstrong Serial Killer, RapistNo one could believe that the child-like face of John Eric Armstrong, nicknamed Opie by his navy friends, was really the face of a cold and calculating serial killer. Alejandro Avila Child Murderer, PedophileAvila was found guilty of kidnapping, sexually molesting and asphyxiating five-year-old Samantha Runnion. Gaetano Badalamenti Sicilian Mafia BossHe was the ringleader of a $1.65 billion dollar drug smuggling operation that imported heroin from the Middle East and cocaine from South America and distributed the drugs through U.S. mid-western pizzeria store fronts. Dennis Bagwell MurdererBagwell killed his mother and four others, including a four-year-old child, because his mother refused to give him money. Joe Ball and His Alligator Pond Serial KillerBall is suspected of killing as many as 20 women and feeding them to his pet alligators. Klaus Barbie The Butcher of LyonA Nazi war criminal, who was personally responsible for the torture and death of thousands of Jews, managed to evade execution for his war crimes by fleeing Europe to Bolivia with the assistance of U.S. intelligence agents. Nathaniel Bar-Jonah Child Predator, Torturer, CannibalNathaniel Bar-Jonah, a/k/a David Paul Brown, is a convicted child predator who is in prison after repeatedly molesting, torturing and attempting to murder children. He was also suspected of murdering a child then disposing of the body through cannibalistic ways that involved his unsuspecting neighbors. Cesar Barone Serial Killer, Sexual Predator, RapistThe profile of serial killer Cesar Barone, now on death row in Oregon, for raping and killing senior-aged women. Barone, at the age of 19, was suspected of raping and murdering by strangulation his 71-year-old neighbor while she was in bed. Robert Berdella Serial Killer, Sexual Predator, RapistAround the neighborhood, he was considered odd but was liked and participated in organizing a local community crime watch programs, but he was one of the most barbarous serial killers in U.S. history, who participated in vile acts of sexual torture and murder. David Berkowitz - The Son of Sam Serial KillerDavid Berkowitz, better known as Son of Sam, is an infamous 1970s New York City serial killer who killed six people and wounded several others claiming his neighbors dog was a demon who told him to do it. Kirk Douglas Billie Child MurdererMiccosukee Indian Kirk Douglas Billie, 36, was sentenced to life in prison for the drowning death of sons, Kurt, 5 and Keith, 3. His case became a large dispute over tribal sovereignty and the state of Florida. Arthur Gary Bishop Serial Killer, Pedophile, RapistArthur Gary Bishop went from being an honor student, Eagle Scout and teenage missionary to an obsessed pedophile and child killer which he later attributed to the pornography that he was exposed to while growing up. Ian Brady Serial Killer, Rapist, TorturerIan Brady and his girlfriend Myra Hindley were British serial killers, responsible for a series of child murders that became known as the Moors Murders. John Brown Political Activist - 1859Convicted of treason and hung after an attempt to take over an arsenal in Virginia in order to arm slaves was thwarted. H. Rap Brown MurdererAl-Amin aka H. Rap Brown in March 2000, fired on two police officers attempting to serve him a warrant on a minor theft charge. One of the officers died after Al-Amin shot an additional three shots into the wounded officer who was lying defenseless on the street. Kenneth Eugene Bruce Home Invasion, MurdererBruce brutally murdered a 55-year-old woman and attempted to kill her husband during a home invasion. Martin Bryant Mass MurdererMartin Bryant went on a killing spree in the popular tourist destination of Port Arthur, Tasmania. During the Port Arthur Massacre, Bryant murdered 35 people and injured 37 others. James J. Bulger FBI Most WantedBulger is wanted by the FBI for murder (18 counts), conspiracy to commit extortion, narcotics distribution, and other charges. Ted Bundy Serial Killer, Rapist, NecrophiliacHe was attractive, smart, and had a future in politics. He was also one of the most prolific serial killers in U.S. history. Bundy screamed his innocence until his death in the electric chair was imminent. Then he told just enough to show the true evil inside him. William L. Calley War CrimesLt. William L. Calley was convicted of the premeditated murder of 22 Vietnamese civilians during the March 16, 1968, incident known as the My Lai Massacre. Lt. Calley was the only person found guilty in the incident. Rae Carruth MurdererSports star Rae Carruth was found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder, shooting into an occupied vehicle and using an instrument to destroy an unborn child and was sentenced to 18-24 years in prison. Frank Ray Chandler MurdererChandler brutally beat a 90-year-old woman and left her to die in a pool of her blood. Norman Richard Cleary MurdererNorman Cleary and his accomplice scouted homes looking for one to break into and when it came to killing the housekeeper working inside, the pair didnt blink an eye. C-Murder MurdererCorey Miller is a popular rap singer known to his fans as C-Murder. He was convicted in the beating and fatal shooting of a 16-year-old fan who had the stars posters all over his bedroom wall. Barton Corbin Dentist indicted for murder.  Corbin is a Georgia dentist who has been indicted by two Georgia grand juries in the connection with the death of his wife and death of his former girlfriend and is being investigated for a third murder. Juan Corona Serial KillerJuan Corona was a labor contractor who went on a six-week murder spree, raping and killing 25 men he employed. Frank Costello Prime Minister of the UnderworldKnown for being one of the most politically connected members of the crime syndicate and referred to judges as My Boys. Tyrone Peter Darks Murderer, 9/11 FraudsterDarks hated his ex-wife, so much so that one day as she left the church he fatally shot and killed her. But his crimes did not stop there. Genero Espinosa Dorantes FBI Most WantedGenero Espinosa Dorantes is wanted by the FBI for unlawful flight to avoid prosecution and criminal homicide. John E. DuPont Millionaire Schizophrenic MurdererJohn E. DuPont was a sports wannabe who inherited millions and bought his status into the sporting world that his own physical capabilities could have never achieved. He was also insane and liked to play with guns, a combination that eventually led to murder. Marc Dutroux Serial Killer, Torturer, RapistMarc Dutroux, an unemployed electrician, and father of three, committed a series of kidnappings, rapes and murders of an unknown number of teenage girls. Dutroux and accomplices, including his wife, are considered among the vilest criminals in the history of Belgium. Colin Ferguson Mass MurderOn December 7, 1993, Colin Ferguson boarded a Long Island commuter train and began shooting the passengers with a Ruger P-89 9mm pistol. The incident known as the Long Island Railroad Massacre resulted in six people being killed and 19 injured. Robert William Fisher FBI Most WantedRobert William Fisher is wanted for allegedly killing his wife and two young children and then blowing up the house. Anthony Guy Fuentes MurdererFuentes, with two prior convictions for shooting people, was free on the streets to find his next victim who he killed over a case of stolen beer. John Wayne Gacy the Killer Clown Serial Killer, Torturer, RapistJohn Wayne Gacy was convicted of the torture, rape, and murder of 33 men between 1972 until his arrest in 1978. He was dubbed the Killer Clown because he entertained kids at parties as Pogo The Clown. Ed Gein Serial Killer, Grave Robber, Necrophiliac, CannibalThe Plainfield, Wisconsin police department had no idea of the grotesque world they were about to enter when they went to Ed Geins farm home to investigate the disappearance of a local woman. Geins crimes went down in history as some of the most encompassing murder, grave robbing, and cannibalism. Vito Don Vito Genovese Mafia, GangsterAnother mafia boss of bosses he was the head of the Genovese crime family who earned his reputation for being a prolific drug trafficker. Victor Manuel Gerena FBI Most WantedVictor Manuel Gerena is being sought in connection with the armed robbery of approximately $7 million from a security company in Connecticut. Andrew Gigante Gangster, MafiaSon of Genovese mobster, Vincent Chin Gigante, who became a messenger between his father and other Genovese mobsters when his father was imprisoned. Vincent Chin Gigante Boss of the Genovese FamilyThe press named him The Oddfather because of his habit of walking around in his robe talking to himself, hoping to plead insanity if ever arrested. Richard Steve Goldberg FBI Most WantedWanted for sexual exploitation of children, production of child pornography, plus unlawful flight to avoid prosecution. Glen Stewart Godwin FBI Most WantedGodwin escaped from Folsom State Prison in California, where he was serving a lengthy sentence for murder. Donald Pee Wee Gaskins Gaskins was the most prolific serial killer in South Carolina history. Once his brutality was unleashed, he knew no boundaries, torturing, killing, cannibalizing victims, both male and female. John Dapper Don Gotti Former Godfather of the Gambino FamilyGotti, known also as Teflon Don and later Velcro Don earned his way into power after planning the death of Paul Castellano. Dominique Jerome Green MurdererGreen and three other men took part in a series of robberies in the Houston area over a period of several hours ending in Green shooting a man with a Tech-9 semi-automatic gun over the money he had in his wallet a mere $50.00. Mark Hacking MurdererHacking shot his pregnant wife in the head while she slept and dumped her body in the garbage, where it was found five months later. Bobby Ray Hopkins MurdererHopkins killed two teenaged girls, stabbing and cutting them over 100 times presumably because they hurt his feelings. Jack The Ripper Serial KillerA serial killer murdered and mutilated at least five prostitutes in the East End of London in 1888. Because no one was ever arrested or tried for the murders, crime buffs are still fascinated with the case more than 115 years later. Michael Jackson Accused PedophileFound not guilty on charges of conspiracy to commit child abduction, false imprisonment and extortion, three counts of committing lewd acts upon a child, attempted lewd acts with a child, and four counts of administering intoxicating agents to assist in the commission of a felony. Edgar Ray Killen Murderer - Hate CrimeKillen, a reputed member of the Ku Klux Klan, in 2005, was found responsible for the shooting deaths of three civil rights workers who were registering black voters during the Freedom Summer of 1964. Edward Lewis Lagrone Murderer, Child RapistLagrone impregnated his ex-girlfriends ten-year-old daughter then killed the young girl and two of her elderly great aunts Pedro Alonso Lopez - The Monster of the Andes Lopez was one of the historys most horrific serial killers, but he was released from prison in 1998. Where is he now? Charles Lucky Luciano Mafia, GangsterIt is believed that Luciano was one of the most powerful men in organized crime and to this day his influence over the gangster activity in the USA still exists. Jeffrey MacDonald Child Murderer, MurdererOn February 17, 1970, a horrific crime took place outside of Fort Bragg in North Carolina. An army doctors wife and two children were savagely killed and the doctor wounded. The facts of this crime deviated with each legal hearing and opinions have been drawn like a duel at sunrise. Ynobe Katron Matthews Kidnapper, Rapist, MurdererMatthews kidnapped and sexually assaulted a 21-year-old girl then strangled her to death. Demarco Markeith McCullum Hate Crime, MurdererMcCullum and his friends beat, robbed, kidnapped and shot, execution style, a gay man they came across in a parking lot. McCullum later bragged that he felt like a judge because he had taken someones life. Frederick Patrick McWilliams Kidnapper, MurdererMcWilliams and friends attacked a homeless man sleeping in his car and killed him for no apparent reason. Scott Peterson MurdererPeterson murdered his pregnant wife and their unborn son and dumped the body in San Francisco Bay. His ex-mistress, Amber Frey, offered evidence that helped convict Peterson for the murder. Brian David Mitchell Mitchell, along with his wife Wanda Barzee, is accused of kidnapping 14-year-old Elizabeth Smart and holding her captive for nine months. Lorenzo Morris MurdererMorris attacked a 70-year-old man, cut his throat and bludgeoned him in the head with a hammer at the victims Houston home then robbed him. Robert Brice Morrow Kidnapper, MurdererMorrow kidnapped a 21-year-old college student, beat her, then cut her throat. She had 42 separate injuries at her time of death. Charles Chi-tat Ng Kidnapper, Torturer, Rapist, MurdererCharles Ng participated in the kidnapping, sadistic torture, slavery, rape and murder of numerous victims in one of the most infamous and costly murder cases in American history. Joe Elton Nixon Kidnapping, MurderJoe Nixon has been on death row in Texas for 19 years for the murder of 38-year-old Jeanne Bickner, who he tied to trees with jumper cables and set on fire. Dennis Rader - The BTK Strangler Serial Killer, Rapist, TorturerDennis Rader, the BTK murderer, confessed to his grisly crimes in a voice void of emotion and remorse, but with a hint of demented pride. Richard Ramirez - The Night Stalker Rapist, Torturer, Serial KillerSatanic worshipper, serial killer, and rapist, Richard Ramirez was named The Night Stalker, after terrorizing Los Angeles during a year-long killing and rape spree. He was convicted of 43 counts, including murder, burglary, sodomy, and rape. Johnny L. Robinson Kidnapper, Rapist, MurdererRobinson kidnapped, raped and shot a 31-year-old woman who he found stranded on the highway. John Glenn Roe Kidnapper, MurdererDonette, kidnapped, shot, and killed a young mother, then took her car and money and used information about the murder to try to get out of serving time for other crimes he committed. Michael Ross Serial Killer, RapistRoss, driven by sexually violent fantasies, brutally raped and murdered eight young girls. Raymond Dayle Rowsey MurdererRowsey shot six times into a 20-year-old store clerk, then viciously kicked the dying man for $57.54 in cash and some magazine. Charles Laverne Singleton MurdererSingleton stabbed to death a 31-year-old store owner who was one of the few people in his life who befriended him. Richard Speck - Born to Raise Hell Serial KillerThe words Born to Raise Hell were tattooed on the arm of the tall pocked-faced man with a southern drawl who entered a nursing students dormitory on a warm July night in 1966. Once inside he committed a series of crimes that shocked America. Chester Dewayne Turner Serial KillerPolice say Chester Dewayne Turner is the most prolific serial killer in the history of the city of Los Angeles. He was finally identified through extensive DNA testing. Who were his victims and the man who was mistakenly imprisoned for his crimes? Billy Frank Vickers Thief, MurdererVickers planned the robbery and murder of a local grocery store owner in Arthur City, Texas. Coral Eugene Watts - The Sunday Morning Slasher Serial KillerThe incredible story of serial killer Coral Eugene Watts, who confessed to over 80 murders, has admitted he will murder again, yet Texas could not keep him behind bars. Ward Weaver lll Kidnapper, Rapist, MurdererWeaver kidnapped, raped, and murdered his daughters friends, 12-year-old Ashley Pond and 13-year-old Miranda Gaddis, and hid their bodies in his backyard. Donald Eugene Webb FBI Most WantedWebb is being sought in connection with the murder of a police chief in Pennsylvania who was shot twice at close range after being brutally beaten about the head and face with a blunt instrument. Lewis Williams, Jr. Thief, MurdererWilliams beat a 76-year-old woman around the face and shoulders, shot her in the mouth, and stomped on her chest, leaving a bloody shoe print on her nightgown. Cameron Todd Willingham Baby MurdererWillingham killed his three babies and set the house on fire to cover up his crime. Windel Ray Workman Baby MurdererWorkman beat his girlfriends two-year-old daughter, Amber Holman, to death. She died of multiple blows to the head and stomach. Kevin Lee Zimmerman Thief, MurdererZimmerman brutally murdered a man in a hotel room for the purpose of robbing him of his money.

American Identity and the American Dream Essays

American Identity and the American Dream Essays American Identity and the American Dream Essay American Identity and the American Dream Essay The epoch that enveloped the 1920’s and 1930’s in urban America provided a rebirth of traditional folklore, African beats, and ultimate cultural revival in America. When the long days of extreme oppression towards those of color seemed to simmer down, many migrated north to escape their unfathomable pasts in the southern states. The Blacks’ final destination determined their nest of cultural thriving and prosperity. Specifically, Harlem, New York was transformed into a city of unique art and dance. The famous Apollo theater held many great singers who expressed their joy, woe, and newfound belonging in the city. Likewise, many writers and poets of black origin wrote about their â€Å"freedom† and stress for egalitarian standards that were hindered by Jim Crow law since 1874. â€Å"Separate but equal,† was an ideal that separated rightful American citizens of color from those of lighter complexions. Through the Harlem Renaissa nce, blacks could express their determination for recognition in American society as rightful citizens. Though, for some this idea, seemed uncertain. Great examples of the search and affirmation of American identity is seen in four works by Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Arna Bontemps James Weldon Johnson. Many can agree that the Harlem Renaissance was a catalyst for asserting an American identity, acknowledging blacks as an equal component of American societal structure, as well as questioning the possibility of attaining this goal. In Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"I, Too†, shows American patriotism on the behalf of the black populace. The speaker begins with his admiration of America through, â€Å"I, too, sing America.† (l). The opening line sets a hopeful tone for the scene depicted. The speaker mentions an account of injustice but does not allow this to quash his beliefs as a rightful American. After his sour encounter in the first stanza of being denied a place at the table, he plans to muster his courage

Proof reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proof reading - Essay Example The repetition of the word anything is to prove that there are a lot of things can be done over there. The corruption in Congo allowed people to kill and to do what ever they want. Those people knew that there is no one to judge them. The more time Marlow spend in the Congo, the more darkness he discovered over there. Going more into my reading, I realized that Kurtz is a man the people were scared of. Another thing that was interesting in the second part was the Russian. I always wonder why the Russian was there till I realized that he was helping Kurtz. Chris Hedges' War is a Force that Gives Us Meaning: Katie Pearman What I understood from Chris Hedges â€Å"War is a force that Give Us meaning† that Hedges did not mean the physical force where someone get forced to do something. Here the meaning of the force is when we change the meaning of what we have done. Force is more close to our feeling. For example, if someone did a bad thing to me, I might have the feeling that I w ant to be bad to him. The feeling could be the thing that forced me to be bad. The same thing happened in war where the winner is the hero. If we look to what this hero did in this war, we would find that he killed, wounded, and destroyed his enemy. The people waiting for this hero to come back will make a celebration for this hero and he would be greeted for what he has done. However when you might ask those people about what this soldier has done, they will say that he has defeated the enemy, which is for them different from killing the enemy. Those people have been forced according to Hedge’s book. After reading Chris Hedges book I have changed the way I look at things. Candle Holocaust Museum It was my first time to visit a holocaust museum. During my life so far I have never thought about what the Jew felt during holocaust; I just knew that it happened. Visiting this museum was a new experience to me. When I entered I saw a lot of certificates on the wall. Most of those certificates were for Eva one of the survivor of the holocaust. One of those certificates that belong to Eva Kor who was the â€Å"HERO OF FORGIVNESS.† I could not believe that there is someone who will forgive the people who killed his family or fellow members. I believe that Eva deserved this certificate because she had controlled her anger. When I was going over the museum, I found a part for the Nazi that has the Nazi flag and picture of Hitler. The presence of the Nazi section implied that Eva did not forget, but forgave the misdeeds that she had faced. I believe the purpose of this Museum is to educate people on how to forgive others and even a sinner. If people did not forgive each other; fight and war will become a part of their life. Revenge will initiate revenge. Eva is educating people because she want people to know that we as human being shall help each other to have a successful life. Levi ch 1-5 One of the most interesting passage and really close to me was the question that was asked, â€Å"If you and your child were going to be killed tomorrow, would you not give him to eat today? (15). My answer to this questing is â€Å"I don’t know.† knowing that you will die tomorrow may make someone suffer more than actual death. In this passage there is a child, which mean parents would not only think about them self; they have a child for whom they care and it will make them suffer even more. Levi wants to show what really happened in those death camps. Also, he wants to transmit

Unilever's participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Essay

Unilever's participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil - Essay Example For the past years usage of palm oil has significantly increased and continues to grow. Today consumption of palm oil became 10 times more than it was in 1980. The World Wide Fund for Nature predicts that in 5 years the consumption of palm oil will double, thus making this industry very profitable and beneficial (What is palm oil? n.d.). Palm oil industry, being a profitable business and contributing to the economy of the producers' countries, makes negative impact on environment. The main results of such impact are deforestation (the forests are cut to increase the number of palm oil plantations), climate change (as a result of deforestation), air and water pollution, soil erosion (as fire is usually a mean of deforestation, and palm oil mills produce significant amounts of effluents), species extinction (as a result of climate change and environmental pollution), human health worsening (as a result of climate change and pollution) (What is palm oil? n.d., Sustainable and responsibl e palm oil n.d., Palm oil n.d., Basiron 2014). Because of the negative impact of palm oil industry, the world community started to talk about the necessity to attract attention of this business to the problems, make it sustainable and encourage the corporations, which deal with palm oil industry, to be responsible for their actions. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be viewed as a concept, according to which enterprises take into account interests of society, where they operate, and take responsibility for the influence of their activity on environment, society, workers and other stakeholders.

Wall street Journal opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wall street Journal opinion Article - Essay Example However, latest research findings indicate different outcomes. They reveal that increasing the minimum wage does not seem to lower employment. This has challenged the typical model of the effect increase in minimum wage. An increasing set of academic papers show that increase in minimum wage does not notably decrease employment among fast-food workers and teens. For instance, following a 25 percent increase in minimum wage in San Jose, California, there was no result in the area’s fast food franchise which led to suspension of employment. According to an article in Wall Street Journal, a ballot initiative in 2012 which was started by San Jose State University students led to a 2 dollar increase in minimum wage in the city. It was expected that this would result into job losses. However, data reveals that this was not the case (Morath 1). Employment in the fast-food industry increased after higher wages were in place. By the beginning of 2014, the pace of increase in employment in San Jose region was still more than the improvement in the whole state of California. Almost half of the minimum wage employees are hired in food service (Morath 1). San Jose city accounts for approximately half the population in the metro region, which comprises of Santa Clara and Sunnyvale. The minimum wage rate is said to be $8 in those neighboring cities. These results are far from conclusive. They still appear to fit researches that established that minimum wage increases at a local area have not resulted in notable job losses in fast-food restaurants (Morath 1). Prior researches in contrast to the recent findings concluded that 10% rise in the minimum wage decreased teen employment by 1 to 3 percent. The reasons that are offered for these new controversial findings consist of problematic methodologies, poor data and the likelihood of monopoly power. Employers

Antony and Cleopatra Essay Example for Free

Antony and Cleopatra Essay Explore the presentation and effects of love in Antony and Cleopatra Antony and Cleopatra is Shakespeares peculiarly fluid and intimate historical retelling of the love tale of the Roman soldier, Mark Antony, and the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. The male protagonist, Antony, is a noble Roman soldier. That being so Shakespeare introduces him as having many cultural personality traits which in this play are affected, alongside with his judgement, by the love he feels for Cleopatra. From the outset of the play, the audience can see that Antonys judgment has been affected by love. This can be observed from the people in Antonys company. While it is obvious they regard him as a powerful figure they also disapprove of his relationship with Cleopatra. The audience can see this from Philos description of Antonys dotage that Oerflows the measure (1, 1, 2)1. This shows that his obsession with Cleopatra surpasses a sensible level. Philo says that Antonys heart has become the bellows and the fan/ To cool a gypsys lust. (1, 1, 7-10)2 This shows that some of his former greatness has gone as he has been degraded to serving, what others see as a gypsy. In addition to this the word gypsy also reinforces the Romans disapproval of their relationship as gypsy would give the audience connotations of a promiscuous woman. However moments before this Antony is described to have goodly eyes (1, 1, 2)3 which glowed like plated Mars (1, 1, 4)4. Philos reference to Mars the powerful Roman God of war, presents Antony as a powerful, invulnerable God-like being. However this is a demonstration of hyperbole as the reader knows that Antony, no matter how magnificent, is still a fragile and breakable mortal. This use of hyperbole adds humor to the play as the reader identifies the exaggeration and knows that Antony is mortal. This description enables us to see the vivid change in Antonys judgement. As the play progresses the audience can further observe the deterioration of Antonys greatness mainly because of awful decisions made by his affected judgement. This mainly happens because he struggles with the choice of whether to devote himself to a life of work, or a life of love. As a powerful Roman military leader and one of the three Roman rulers Antony should have extremely strong work ethics and ideologies, which in turn means any decisions he makes should favour work and responsibility. However this is not the case and his judgement is often affected by his feeling for Cleopatra. In turn this dramatically affects his actions, which contradicts with his ethics of work and responsibility: Let Rome in Tiber melt, and the wide arch of the ranged empire fall (1, 1, 33-4)5. Antony expresses his love for Cleopatra by saying he does not care if the Roman Empire falls. This shows the height of Antonys love for her and the great deal that she has affected his judgement. This is more so as although this comment rejects Rome it also shows its greatness. As Antony is one of three rulers of Rome it should be his primary concern to uphold the Roman Empire rather than dismissing it for love. In addition to this Antony describes the empire as having a wide arch this metaphor illustrates to the audience that he believes that the Roman Empire is strong and will remain strong without him. Thus he can have a more pleasurable and relaxed lifetime. This quotation is also suggestive of Antonys highly regarded position in the triumvirate. This is reveled due to Shakespeares use of the literary technique of iambic pentameter. As it is very complex to write in it enhances the importance of his speech, this is done primarily because he is stating his passion for Cleopatra which he believes is more important than anything else. During Act 3 Antony catches Thidias kissing Cleopatras hand. His jealousy enrages him and he commands his men to Take hence this Jack and whip him (3, 13, 94)6. This is less noble as he displays irrational behavior and angry which are seen as Egyptian traits rather than Roman cultural traits, as Romans are precise, measurable and rational. His treatment of Thidias can be seen as an Egyptian trait mainly because it recalls Cleopatras similar treatment to the messenger in Act 2 scene 5 as she also says: Thou shall be whipped (2, 5, 65)7. This again shows irrationality due to love, which both the lovers share. This parallel implies a similarity in their passionate temperament that can be provoked beyond self control. In turn this shows their height of passion as they both are envious and irrationally jealous, which displays the intensity of their love. In addition to this the lack of self control demonstrated by Antony shows his affect of judgment as Romans see self control as an act of responsibly, which is held just as high as their ethics of work. Despite Antonys less than accurate judgment in previous scenes he is still a Roman at heart and shows certain aspects which benefits Rome and the notion of work. Antony experiences a major emotional struggle when he marries Caesars sister Octavia. Antony participates in the marriage for political reasons hoping to cement himself to his responsibilities. However, he was still caught in a struggle between Rome and Egypt.

Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams's play A Streetcar Named Desire contains more within it's characters, situations, and story than appears on its surface. Joseph Krutch, author of Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Streetcar Named Desire wrote, â€Å"The authors perceptions remain subtle and delicate†¦ The final impression left is, surprisingly enough not of sensationalism but of subtlety† (38.) As in many of Williams's plays deeper meanings are understood only through close examination of each scene. The reader must ask him or herself as they go whether or not something might lend more than what lies on the surface. The tone is set immediately in scene one when Blanche begins by telling Eunice, â€Å"They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at—Elysian Fields!† (15) Here you can clearly see that Tennessee is not meaning these places literally, rather they are symbolic of the stages Blanche will follow throughout the play. She first takes, â€Å"a street-car named desire† when she falls for her lost love -----, and afterwards, plagued by her own inadequacies Blanche escapes her harsh world by giving herself freely to other men; strangers. Even her behavior toward Stanley is littered with telltale slips, â€Å"—the part blanche talks in French to Stanley saying that she wants him or something.† After desire Blanche transfers â€Å"to (a streetcar) called Cemeteries.† One can see where the â€Å"Cemeteries† might lie in Blanches life. It seems that every time desi re fails Blanche is somehow left unprotected, cold and alone. In scene five Blanches drink, â€Å"foams over and spills on her pretty white skirt,† (80) warning the reader of what lies ahead. Finally Blanche is to get off at â€Å"Elysian Fields,† which makes it very clear that an eventual loss on Blanches part is inevitable. Joseph Krutch writes, â€Å"Though there is in the play a certain haunting dream-like or rather nightmarish quality, the break with reality is never quite made, and nothing happens which might not be an actual event.† How true on not only Blanches part, but each of the characters. The play is so raw and in-your-face that it almost takes on qualities of a fantasy, especially at the time of its debut. But Tennessee was able to create a play that rather expertly walked the fine line between illusion and reality; a task not easily accomplished.

The Value of the University Maintenance Staff :: Informative Essays

Beep, beep, beep, smack. You wish you could hit the snooze button on your alarm because it’s 5 o’clock on a Monday morning. Part of you wants to sleep a few more hours, but the other part tells you it’s time to go to work. You eat breakfast, kiss your family goodbye, and arrive at the University campus in time to start your shift at 7 a.m. After seeing the friendly faces of your co-workers and friends on staff, you think to yourself, â€Å"Maybe today won’t be so bad after all.† Your mood changes when you see the mess that has been accumulating in the bathrooms over the weekend. Once you’ve opened the door, you grimace as you are taken aback by a familiar stench which you’ve come to recognize as a combination of alcohol, vomit, urine, and smelly garbage. The trash bag looks nearly empty, as it appears that most of the trash never made it there. In the girls’ bathrooms, the feminine disposals are overflowing, and there is hair all over the floor and in the showers. In the boys’ bathrooms, the showerheads are missing, the drains are clogged, and you sigh as you dread looking into the bathroom stalls. Sure enough, one toilet is completely clogged, another one is plastered with vomit, most likely from someone’s poor decision to drink the night before, and the floor of the third stall is covered with wet toilet paper, a mess that you’re not surprised to find after looking in the first two stalls. What seems like hours later, once the bathrooms are spotless again, students begin to come in to use the showers and restrooms, unaware of the mess that was there a few hours earlier. The students have failed to realize the mess that was left, because they have taken for granted that the bathrooms will be clean when they use them. As the students shower, you return to the utility closet to grab the tools you need for your next chore. You are stunned when you read the obscene message a student left for you on your dry erase board. You feel like this is a slap in the face after you just spent your whole morning cleaning up their messes. Though this description is hypothetical, these events are based on stories told by JMU housekeeping employees.

Germany, 1918-1945 – Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was the first peace keeping treaty after the First World War. Its aims were to demilitarise, claim compensation and to keep peace with Germany. The signing of the treaty was humiliating and a great embarrassment for Germany and therefore Germany wasn't represented. It was only the victors who attended. In the end, Germany resulted in a great loss of land. Germany also had to pay for the damage it had caused. These were called Respiration Payments, which were instalments of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6600 million. They couldn't pay it because their land had been taken away and had loses to amend, too. Because of this, Germany had to print more money to pay the instalments. Money then lost its value, which led to hyperinflation. Germany's armed forces were cut to 100,000 people; the navy was allowed 6 battleships and no U-boats. They weren't allowed to have an airforce at all. Of course, this upset Germany's armed forces as the majority of them were laid off. This all Helped Hitler's rise to power because the armed forces were out of jobs and Hitler promised reforms of change to put it straight which encouraged the armed forces to vote for him. Not only was it the armed forces who were angry and frustrated but so too was the general public who felt humiliated and vulnerable for reduction of armed f orces and all the other terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Therefore, Hitler was able to build on that. When writing ‘Mein Kampf' (My Struggle) Hitler used the depression and economic difficulties on communists and Jews as a scapegoat. This fed into that the Treaty of Versailles gave something for him to use his oratory skills towards. Question 2. Long-term is something that has been going on over a long period of time. Short term is a trigger effect. It's something that sparks it of. A short-term effect that contributed to Hitler's rise to power is that the Enabling Law was passed in 1933. This allowed Hitler to do basically anything including the more important element of outlawing opposition. Therefore the Nazi would be the only political party in Germany. This had a dramatic effect in a short period of time as Hitler then came to power in 1934-one year after being promoted to Chancellor. This proved himself to be a dominant and powerful character for the job-just what Germany needed. This is good as Germany felt humiliated after the First World War and then the Treaty of Versailles and needed someone, like Hitler, to regain Germany's strength and self-control. This obviously would tie in with the long-term effects. The Reichstag Fire was also a short-term effect. After studying previous work on the Reichstag Fire, I have come to the conclusion that Hitler started the fire on purpose in order to gain the public vote. This benefited Hitler and contributed to his rise to power as he denied lighting the fire and instead, insisted it was a communist plot as a scapegoat. It got the public thinking that if communists are the cause of the Reichstag Fire then they could quite possibly be the blame of Germany's other problems, like Hitler was saying. This begun to get the German public to agree with Hitler's views and therefore voted for him. On 8th November 1923, Hitler, with the SA, broke into a meeting held by three leaders of the Bavarian government. He forced the leaders to tell their audience that they would give the Nazis their full support by putting a gun to one of their heads. Hitler gained recognition not only for the Putsch but also for the trial that took place later. His 24-day trial reached the front page on a daily basis. He twisted the trial so even though he still went to prison, he drummed up much support. He made the November Criminals the traitors and made himself look like the â€Å"saviour† of the German people. He was such an orator that the way he spoke influenced the judges on their decisions. That is why Hitler was only given 5 years with the chance of parole after just six months. Perhaps the sentence he was given can be seen as a major benefactor in him taking power. Another short-term effect that helped Hitler's rise to power was on the 30th June 1934 when Hitler radioed a signal to Berlin for the SS (bodyguard) to smash the SA (Storm troopers) in the events known as the ‘Night of the Long Knives'. Members of the SA were rounded up by the SS and taken to prison and were later butchered. Although this seems like an unusual way to go about getting the public approval, it was taken with gratitude by the public. This is because the SA was too violent. Their actions were scaring some of Hitler's supporters such as big businesses, the ruling elites, and the general public. They were a large, intimidating group of up to three million. So Hitler was seen as a saviour and the public began to agree with his policies even more. Long-term effects such as the Treaty of Versailles contributed to his rise to power. The public felt humiliated and vulnerable to the defeat of World War One and then the Treaty of Versailles. The public of Germany obviously was very angry and wanted something done about it. So, with the aid of Hitler's oratory skills, his personality and leadership, Hitler detested the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in his speeches and like the public, wanted something done about it. Therefore, he promised to make changes in order to regain Germany's humiliating losses. This helped as the public shared the same views as Hitler and so supported him. Then there was the economic depression of 1923 and then 1929. The facts that Germany couldn't afford the Respiration Payments, there was masses of unemployment, higher taxes and hyperinflation meant that Germany was loosing hope. They already were receiving loans from USA to help pay of Respiration Payments. Then when Hitler uses his oratory skills and protests he will lower the taxes, lower the unemployment status, set a new currency to stop inflation, Germany believed they had nothing to loose. So, this too, helps Hitler's rise to power. One other element of Hitler's rise to power is his oratory skills. Since he began his rise to power, he had always been a powerful and meaningful speaker. Hitler, although being a quiet man, was an excellent public speaker. Often, he was able work a crowded room into frenzy, yelling and cheering in support. He used his speaking ability persuade people to support his ideas and party. He dressed in uniform to put emphasis on his overwhelming sense of control and power, he used his hands to also express himself and he raised his voice in order to give a great impact for his audience. All in all, I believe the short term and long term combine together. It is possible to say that the long-term effects wouldn't have been much use without the short-term effects and visa-versa. Therefore, short-term effects are just as important and play a vital role in Hitler's rise to power, just as much as long-term. Question 3 I believe the Treaty of Versailles was a major element in Hitler's rise to power. If it weren't for the Treaty of Versailles then Hitler's rise to power would be very much different in relation to what it was. The fact that he was able to use his oral skills to put across the shared views of public about the Treaty of Versailles and then build on that links the two together. I feel that the Treaty of Versailles sparked much unwanted controversy within the German Republic. Germany was so unhappy and humiliated both with the defeat of World War One and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. So to have a powerful speaker in uniform, standing up and protesting that the Treaty of Versailles was wrong and in conjunction, agreeing with the German public, was a great relief for Germany. Coinciding with this, the Munich Putsch happened at a time of hyperinflation, economic depression just after the Treaty of Versailles. Which obviously reinforces my argument that it was very much the Treaty o f Versailles, which brought all the other financial and economic difficulties in Germany. I also think that the Economic Depression has influential reasons why Hitler rose to power, too. It was the long period of time when Germany, economically, socially and politically collapsed and money became worthless from hyperinflation etc. this was the Economic Depression. It was a time of deep despair; Germany was in the grip of this great depression with a population suddenly finding themselves in a state of poverty, misery and uncertainty, whilst in the middle of a rapidly growing political instability. However, there were other significant elements that combined with Hitler's rise to power. So much so that if you were to rule out one then it would affect another (they're linked). All of the other reasons include; The Munich Putsch, the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler's oratory, personality and leadership, the decision by Von Papen and Hildenburg to appoint him as Chancellor in 1933, and the Enabling Law. The Enabling Law was a short-term effect but a vital one as it allowed him to outlaw opposition, which meant, what he said, was law. Without this and Hildenburg's decision linked, Hitler would most certainly not have made it to be leader. Hildenburg thought that appointing Hitler as Chancellor, they could keep control of him-how wrong they were! And indeed there are other factors that aren't mentioned. One being is the Reichstag Fire of which Hitler blamed on the Communists as a scapegoat. Without this, the Nazi's would probably had been virtually unknown and still holding meetings in the Reichstag hall-not ideal for a political party. The employment status was so negative that for Hitler, his long awaited opportunity to reach out to the German people had arrived. At this point in the German nation the citizens, downtrodden and tired of their economic situation, were more than willing too listen to someone with ideas or visions of a brighter and certainly more stable Germany. The main reason why the Treaty of Versailles overthrows the Economic Depression, narrowly, and is the most influential above all of the others is because it was the beginning of an ongoing unhappiness, which ties in with the Economic Depression. I am probably liable to say that without the Treaty of Versailles, Germany wouldn't have had the Economic Depression because money would of still had its value, currency, taxes wouldn't have gone up and there wouldn't have been any Respiration Payments. It was the symbolic element of which the Nazis were able to build their political views upon. The reason why Hitler became so popular over the Treaty of Versailles was because the terms of the Treaty were tough to compromise with that it led to most other effects. These propelled the Nazi party to new heights of daring, which was highly linked with the speeches Hitler gave and the promotional stunts that the Nazi party held. The party's tactics were very good and effective in their rise to power. However the success was really thanks to Hitler and the character that in the beginning I believe he was portraying but later became. I believe that if the Treaty was not brought forward, the country wouldn't have stumbled into a state of depression and Hitler would never have successfully raised the amount of strong morale that he did, mainly due to pure human conscience. Not many people believe in the majority of the Nazi party's actions and politics. However, there were usually one or two points mostly of unemployment or the stabilising of money, of which the Treaty of Versailles was the cause of; that no one else had offered the German sufferers until then. Their time was that moment; to be the biggest and the best organised and supported party that Germany had had since the war. The people did not know that Hitler's rise to power could cause another.