Neurophysiology Lab Report Sample

Neurophysiology Lab Report Paper Continue to increase voltage by 0. V and click single stimulus until you find Max voltage. Maximal Voltage = 10. V Record data Activity 2 Mechanical Stimulation 1. Clear the oscilloscope. 2. Drag the glass rod over the nerve, and release it to indicate the rod is touching the nerve. What do you see on the oscilloscope? (An action potential trace. ) How does this tracing compare? (It has action potential, but different voltage from previous tracings. Activity 3 Thermal Stimulation Click on the glass rod and drag it to the heater. Click the heat button. When the rod turns red, indicating its been heated, click and drag it over the nerve. What happens? (The action potential of the tracing looks like it increases. ) How does this trace compare to the unheated glass rod? (Action potential is higher. ) Explanation? (The heated glass rod affects the nerve more than the cool glass rod. ) Activity 4 Chemical Stimulation 1. Click and drag the sodium chloride bottle over to the nerve to dispense drops. Does this generate action potential? (No action potential takes place. ) 2. Look at activity 1 and use voltage and click single stimulus. Is there anything Yes - Yes different? (No difference. ) Record data Nasal: Action Potential-Yes 3. Clean nerve chamber, and clear the oscilloscope. 4. Click and drag HCI to nerve chamber Action Potential- Yes Different form threshold stimulus? No. 5. Clean nerve chamber. 6. Print data. What kinds of stimuli can elicit an action potential? Voltage > or HCI Activity 8 Measuring Nerve Conduction Velocity See lab manual. E. Results Experiment: Eliciting a Nerve Impulse Activities 1-4 Voltage Glass Barnacle Heat Action Potential 3. 0 v Yes . V 10. 0 Yes Yes Experiment: Nerve Conduction Velocity Activity 8 Nerve Type Time (mess) Distance (mm) Conduction Velocity Worm 5. Ass mm 8. 60 m/sec Frog . Ass mm 27. 56 m/sec Rata 2. Ass mm 16. 67 m/sec Rat 2 1. So mm 43 reset F. Discussion = 3. OVA, Nasal, In this experiment I investigated, the neurophysiology of different types of nerves. In activities 1-4, I found what stimulates the nerve through different types of methods. We used mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimulation on the nerve to find an action potential on the given nerve. We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In activity 8, we measured the nerve conduction velocity of different types of nerves. The nerves were tested were the earthworm, frog, and two rat nerves. The worm had the slowest conduction velocity, followed by the first rat, then the frog, and the fastest one was the second rat. My conclusions about this experiment are that given enough voltage, or a chemical, mechanical, or thermal stimulation action potential can be found in a nerve. Other factors that play a role in finding an action potential were natural substances such as Nasal, HCI, and ethanol.

Comparison Essay on High School and College

Comparison Essay on High School and College Comparison Essay on High School and College Some people may mistake college as a simple step above high school, but an examination of the two levels of study reveals that there are indeed numerous differences between the two. One of the differences is in the nature of classes in college and in high school. In high school classes, assignments and learning materials that are to be used to complete the assignments are provided for the students. High schools also normally have guidance counselors to help students determine what advanced core and elective courses they may be interested in taking, especially as it pertains to preparing for a college or a vocation. In college, the situation is very different because it is the students who are charged with the responsibility to decide the kinds of classes that they should take until they graduate. If a student has challenges in selecting a unit, the student may make an appointment with a course advisor. However, colleges do have counseling and guidance offices to help students look at what they might be interested in as a career and to help them plan accordingly. Even so, college students are rarely given the materials that they need for their study and therefore , unlike high school, must purchase the necessary texts and other learning material. Another difference is that, compared to college professors, high school teachers tend to be more accommodating towards their students. For instance, high school teachers tend to be more interested in knowing the name of each and every student in their class while college professors rarely relate names to the faces of their students. Also, high school teachers are more likely to closely monitor the grades of their students, ensure that all the students access the required notes, find out why a student may have missed a class, and even remind the students of assignments and future examinations. High school teachers are also more likely to accept a late submission of assignments or even call a student’s parents to inquire about a student who may have missed class. On the other hand, college professors rarely pay attention to the attendance habits of their students and do not make any effort to ensure that all their students pass or score good grades in their subjects. If a studen t misses a class, a college professor is unlikely to follow up and give the student the notes he missed. Instead, it will be up to the student to figure out from whom to get the notes that he missed when he did not attend class. Finally, it is not uncommon to meet a college professor even after graduating from college and not be recognized by that professor, unlike the case of high school teachers who remember some students long after graduation. In high school, it is very easy to get one-on-one time with a teacher because all that one has to do is to schedule a time before or after school. In college, one has to book an appointment in order to have a one-on-one time with a professor, and it is not always a guarantee that after booking the appointment, the professor will keep the appointment. You can buy a comparison essay online at essay writing service. You will get a superior-quality custom compare and contrast paper written from scratch!

Final exam quesiton 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final exam quesiton 2 - Essay Example Moreover, this resulted in the decline of the importance of family that was considered sacred in the Indian traditions. There was also a decrease in the importance of the family, whereby young people began making important life choices, which were previously made by their parents. For instance, parents made decisions such as who to marry, and where to work for their Indian children. The world war two also played an important social role in that, the war set families in motion, dragging them out of farmsteads and out of small towns and relocating them into large urban areas such as New Delhi.  Were it not for this war, many Indians would still be living in rural areas and some high levels of developments would not have been attained. Moreover, in my opinion, the Second World War affected greatly the racial discrimination, which existed prior to the war. This happened in that the different races, people of Indian origin and Americans integrated in the war for a common objective. Previously, the marines excluded the Indians where they were used as

Private law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Private law - Essay Example Shah was also disappointed when his application to obtain his academic qualifications for an award in respect to first degree was rejected. This is an example of humiliation and discriminatory approach to demean immigrant students in relation to educational qualifications. Refusal to admit qualified students to pursue their first-degree award is punishable by law. Additionally, LEA refused to award a first degree putting into consideration mere facts that Shah had failed to prove to them beyond reasonable doubt that he was an ordinary resident of the United Kingdom. These are the facts that made Shah sue LEA. The point of argument in this case is that this student believes discriminatory treatment for immigrants is still carried out in the UK without considering the domicile statutes and jurisdictions of the land. This student says that L.E.A misdirected them by putting the judgmental laws into their own hands. This educational body misleads themselves in relation to wrong application of the test of respect of ordinary residences. To begin, education in the recent past has been globalized with various races seeking education wherever they want in the world. Therefore, this implies that as much as Shah may be an immigrant in the UK, his freedom and rights to education must always be aptly upheld. Per se statutory jurisdictions especially in relation to the Rome Statutes acknowledges right to education whether a person is an immigrant or ordinary citizens of a given state (Sendall 123). This implies that L.E.A breached the law when it failed to honour Shah by giving him a mandatory award o r even a failing to consider his alternative application. The fact of this case as it stands is that out of the five students, none of them had no right to abode in the United Kingdom. However, they deserved an explanation as to why they were not academically honoured and why their

What Justice means to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What Justice means to me - Essay Example mbers since these laws were structured in accordance to the morals of the society and the Bible as well as the sense of justice innate to every individual otherwise known as conscience. However, most of the time, laws are not implemented as intended due to personal biases of implementing officers and external influences that causes authorities of the law to commit injustices to individuals. An example of good laws that are not effectively implemented would be the case of Criminal Justice in the United States. Before stating my view on a good approach on implementing laws in practicing as a Criminal Justice professional, it would be best to examine the laws applicable to Criminal Justice and citing examples of unprofessional conduct in implementing these laws. In the U.S. Constitution, justice for individuals is characterized by protection from unreasonable searches or seizures; ensure that individuals to undergo due process of law; compensation for property acquired from individuals; criminally accused individuals are to be provided with legal counsel and fair trial; and protection from suffering extreme punishment and unnecessary bail. Protection from unreasonable searches or seizures, which are described in the Fourth Amendment under the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution, safeguards individuals from house, property or personal searches and seizure or arrest without a warrant duly issued by authorities who, in turn, had reasonably established a probable cause to issue a warrant (Cornell). This also includes car searches; an example of this would be the case of Rodney Joseph Grant who was arrested on the road for suspected possession of illegal drugs and the arresting officers on the spot, without a search warrant, searched his car. This case was controversial since the police officers were prompted to immediately search the car so the suspect can be taken into custody thus clearly violating the Fourth Amendment of the Bill of Rights. Another law that

Mark Test of Mirror Self-recognition | Analysis

Mark Test of Mirror Self-recognition | Analysis Critically evaluate the Mark test of mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers. When adults look in the mirror they can possibly say with confidence that they, as adults, know it is their own refection gazing back at them; it is possible that this stems from the fact that they recognise or hold a mentally represented self –image of what they usually look like, which has probably emerged from many mirror reflections, to everyday explicit beliefs which probably provides them with a representation of themselves. But can it be assumed that Mirror-Self-Recognition (MSR) of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers, can enable them to distinguish from the currently perceived reflected self-mirror image, and their mentally represented self-image (i.e. when a child looks in the mirror they know that it is themselves they are looking at), as argued by Wheeler, Donald, Stuss Tulving 1997, (also see Wheeler et al, (1997) for an in depth discussion about self-recognition and autonoetic consciousness). However, this essay will critically evaluate the Mark-Test of MSR whi ch claims that toddlers (18 to 24 months) must have a real concept of their own self-awareness when gazing into a mirror. However, there has been some controversy as to whether MSR tasks actually measures conceptual self –awareness, or are they measuring something completely different. Some of these debates surrounding MSR tasks (Lean and Rich alternative interpretations of MSR) will be explored only after briefly defining the ‘self’ and discussing the mark test of mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness. Conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is perhaps one of the most widely debated issues in the literature of Developmental Psychology to date (Rochat, 2003). This is because self-awareness is the capacity to explicitly introspect about one’s own consciousness, (i.e. feelings, attitudes, opinions) and as noted by a number a researchers, introspection is a very hard concept to operationalise because they have to rely on self-reports as evidence of what they are trying to explore; especially in young children (Schooler, 2002). With that said, some attempts of introspection in regards of conceptual self-awareness, historically to the present day, have argued introspection can provide important insights of self-concept in development (implicitly, and explicitly), which can possibly provide answers as to why/and or how they develop and hold a concept of the ‘self’ (Neisser 1998; Rochat, 2004). For example, as language matures in development and a child is able to talk ab out something, they are probably consciously aware of what they are talking about (Neisser, 1998) and thus probably is able to distinguish themselves as a separate entity to the environment and others. Most relevant studies have demonstrated that toddlers begin to form a self-concept at around the ages of 18 months, and are able to distinguish much earlier that they are different from their environment, that is, their hands, legs, and fingers belong to them, whereas the table when they touch it belongs to the environment. This normally emerges in the first few months of life and is what Neisser (1998) arguably suggested, originates from two forms of ‘self’. The term ‘self’ in developmental psychology is normally divided into two levels. The first of these levels is the lower level, which is referred to as the ‘self as the subject of consciousness’ such as the knower, the experiencer, and the agent of activity. The second level is the higher and more sophisticated level, which is normally referred to as the, ‘self as the object of consciousness’, which consists of thoughts about cognition about the self (Neisser 1998). Research does not indicate that young babies (birth to 18 months of age) are explicitly aware of themselves; rather this kind of self-awareness is experiencing themselves as doing things (which are basic implicit or perceptually based aspects of the self) and as they mature and learn from their surrounding environments, from their awareness of experiencing (Neisser, 1998). This then provides them with the foundations of thinking about themselves more conceptually, which normally begins to emerge at around 18 months of age when language is more mature, and they develop an awareness that other people and objects are different from themselves, which then translates into a more conceptual self-awareness (the foundations of forming a personality) (see Neisser 1998 and Rochat, 2003). In relation to Neisser’s (1998) and Rochat’s, (2003; 2004) ideology of forming a self-concept, a number of measures from an evolutionary and biological viewpoint were developed to measure whether animals had some form of consciousness; this measure is known as ‘the mirror test of self-recognition’ and was first devised by Gallup (1970), to establish whether chimpanzees can identify with their own reflection in a mirror as an appearance of itself. Part of this procedure of the mirror test, is that the animal is usually marked with a dye, and is then usually observed to see if the animal responds in a manner that is consistent with it being aware of the dye on their own body. The frequency of how many times the animal touched the marked area is then recorded. Mark –directed behaviour might include touching the marking, trying to remove the mark with their fingers, or turning and adjusting the body for a better view in the mirror; which is generally tak en as evidence of passing the MSR task (Gallup, 1970). Similar explanations are used as a gauge of entrance of the mirror stage or the conceptual self, which is normally referred to as the belief that human infants can recognise their own reflection in the mirror (Evans, 2005). Most academics agree that MSR implies that children must have a self- concept if they pass the mirror test, and most children start showing mark directed behaviour (i.e. trying to remove the mark) at around 18 to 24 months (Lewis Brookes-Gunn, 1979). However it can be argued that MSR stems from much simpler cognitive explanations. For example, using a Lean or a more Conservative viewpoint of MSR, both Heyes (1994) and Mitchell (1997) argue that children match their own sensations with their own visual image of with what they perceive in the mirror. This suggests that one does not need a self-concept of what one looks like. Measures to test this comes from evidence such as the ability to match visual input and kinaesthetic feedback (see Heyes, 1994 Mitchel, 1997). Likewise, Loveland (1986) argues that what MSR behaviour measures is an understanding of the reflective property of mirrors, that is, the body parts that infants cannot normally see can be explored using a mirror (for example, a child cannot normally see their face, but with a mirror they can). Loveland suggests that passing the MSR task (marks test) just shows that children have probably learned how to use a mirror to view their own body. Both Heyes and Loveland’s interpretations of MSR tasks do not really tell one much regarding self-awareness, rather all you need is ecological self-awareness (see Neisser, 1988) to pass the MSR task. As already noted earlier, Neisser (1998) argues that self-awareness develops much earlier than MSR evidence suggests. Therefore the MSR tasks is probably rather limited in explaining and validating their argument. However, there is lots of counter-evidence that does seem to suggest that you do need conceptual self-awareness or ecological self-awareness to pass the MSR. For example, Nielsen, Suddendorf, and Slaughter (2006) tested self-recognition of legs (they developed these measures as a way to measure self-conceptual awareness for appearance). Children were placed in a high chair with a tray that obscured the view of their own legs. A mirror was placed in front of their view which was angled so that the children could view only their legs. In the first of two experiments, a within subjects design was used as the leg version vs. face version. A sticker was placed either on their leg or the front of their hair. It was found that very similar numbers of children passed the leg and face task (18mths olds). This shows that leg recognition was just as easy as face recognition. However, this still leaves this question open as to whether mark directed behaviour in either conditions implies self-rec ognition of conceptual self-awareness. In other words, does this really imply that infants know what their faces look like or legs look like; so one could possibly argue what would happen if the mirror image does not match what they see? To investigate this, Nielsen et al. (2006) added another condition called the novel trousers condition. Children were placed in a high chair with integrated trousers (which they could not see). The trousers were attached to the high chair. When the child was placed in the chair their legs slipped straight into the trousers. In the test, only 13% of children recognised themselves in the novel-trousers condition. Nielsen et al. argued that therefore that children do have a self-concept of ‘this is what I look like’. This suggests that mark-directed behaviour does indicate self-recognition and must imply conceptual self-awareness. Children must have a representation of what they look like, which gets easily updated, as they did not recognise wearing those trousers, therefore not reaching for the sticker; the child thinks that the image is not themselves (Nielson et al., (2006) . So far this essay has suggested that some people do not believe that MSR guides self-awareness (which are Lean interpretations). Nevertheless, there is also some Rich interpretations. Both Lewis (2003) and Gallup (1998) believe that MSR involves more than basic interpretations of conceptual self-awareness. Both these researchers argue that MSR assesses the ability to introspect and reflect on their own mental states (beliefs, desires, pretend play and knowledge). This is more of a sophisticated form of self-awareness, than basic conceptual self-awareness, which typically represents holding a Theory of Mind (ToM) (See Premack Woodruff’s (1978) paper for an insightful analysis on whether chimpanzees hold a theory of mind). Nevertheless, Lewis (2003) argues that MSR is an early appearance of ToM, supporting the Rich interpretation of MSR; there is a relationship between pretend play which might guide ToM and MSR, which may provide some support for this idea. On the other hand, there is other bases of evidence against the Rich interpretations. For example, several animals display MSR (however none of these animals display pretend play, and none of them pass ToM (Povinelli Vonks, 2003 on chimpanzees). Moreover, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also show very poor theory of own mind but they show MSR by the mental age of 18 months, demonstrating evidence against the idea. Clearly there are problems with both Rich interpretations and Lean interpretations of MSR (see Williams, 2010 for a deeper account). In conclusion the mark –test of MSR has been the subject of intense debate regarding whether a child at 18 to 24 months holds a real self-concept of self-awareness when looking into a mirror. Mark-directed behaviour has been questioned as to whether it measures conceptual self-awareness or whether it is testing something completely different. Alternative interpretations (Lean and Rich) argue that MSR does not guide self-awareness, rather mark directed behaviour can probably be explained by simpler cognitive accounts. Both sides of the debate (Lean and Rich interpretations) also have their criticisms as some researchers argue that Lean and Rich interpretations may not be correct interpretations of MSR, as self-awareness gets updated regularly. Moreover, the ability to reflect on one’s own mental states relies on the early appearance of Theory of Mind and the relationship between pretend play, but this too has been questioned as some researchers argue that several animals also display MSR (however none display pretend play, and none pass Theory of Mind tests). Nonetheless, mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is difficult to conclude, because although adults can reflect implicitly what they are consciously thinking, this may not be the case for children; probably conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is a gradual process. That is, the more they experience the world and the objects within it, the more they become aware of their own private and conscious thoughts; however this is hard to measure definitively using the mark-directed behaviour test. References Evans, D. (2005). From Lucan to Darwin. The literacy animal; Evolution and the nature of narrative. Northwestern University Press, 38-55. Gallup, G., G., Jr. (1970). Chimpanzees: Self-Recognition. Science 167 86-87 Gallup, G., G., Jr. (1998). Self-awareness and the evolution of social intelligence. Department of Psychology, State University of New York. Heyes. C., M. (1994). Reflections on self-recognition in primates. Anim. Behav., 47, 909-919. Lewis, M.., Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979).Social cognition and the acquisition of self. New York: Plenum Press. Lewis, M. (2002). The emergence of consciousness and its role in human development. New York Academy of sciences. Loveland, K. (1986). Discovering the Affordances of a Reflecting Surface. Developmental Review. 6, 1 -24. Mitchell, R., W. (1997). A Comparison of the Self-Awareness and Kinaesthetic-Visual Matching Theories of Self-Recognition Autistic Children and Others. Annals New York Academy of Sciences. Nielsen, M., Suddendorf, T., Slaughter, V. (2006). Mirror Self-Recognition Beyond the Face. Child Development, 77, (1) 176-185. Neisser, U. (1998). The Roots of Self-knowledge: Perceiving Self, It, and Thou. Annals New York Academy of sciences. Premack, D. G., Woodruff, G. (1978). â€Å"Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind. â€Å" Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 1 (4) 515 -526. Povinelli, D. J., Vonk, J. (2003). The Chimpanzee minds: Suspiciously Human. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (4) 157-160. Rochat, P. (2003).Five levels of self-awareness as they unfold early in life.Consciousness and Cognition, 12(4): 717–73 Rochat, P. (2004). Origins of Self-Concept. Blackwell Publishers, LTD. Schooler, J. (2002) Re-representing consciousness: dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness. Trends Cognition. Sci. 6, 339–344 Wheeler, M., A., Stuss, D., Tulving. E. (1997). Toward a Theory of Episodic Memory: The Frontal Lobes and Autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bullets, 121 (3) 331-354. Williams, D. (2010). Theory of own mind in autism: Evidence of a specific deficit in self-awareness. City University, London.

Comparing How Advertisements Use Language and Presentation to Persuade

In this capitalist society people are persuaded by advertisers to consume products which are not even needed. Companies need people to consume in order for the economy to flourish. People who already have cars which still perform well do not really require the replacement of a further one. Cars are pretty similar to one another; all cars have one principle in their manufacture which is to move from one place to another (transport). The difference which divides the cars in groups is the engine size, colour/finish, gadgetry etc. However, it is these differences which persuade people to consume cars even if there is no need to purchase one. This is the job of companies; they sell so called 'dream cars' which have fancy gadgets and fast engines etc to satisfy the aspiration of the reader and persuade them to purchase the cars, even though their present one is in fine condition. People are persuaded because of peer and social pressure which intentionally makes them believe that neighbouring people are laughing at them because of their cheap car. This belief makes a person reckon that other people are taunting them, which causes people to consume cars which they believe to have a higher standard. This pattern of behaviour is constructed by marketing departments. Advertisers look for their target audience for their advertising campaign. These could be male/female, A-class people, or even retired people. The advertisers look at people's deepest fears and desires which will make the pitch hard to resist and they manipulate and take advantage of people with these fears and desires. There are all sorts of media that can be used to persuade ta... ...heir powerful medium which draws on people's deepest fears and desires. For this reason we must be discerning as consumers and critical of advertisers. There are also implications of such powerful advertising techniques for our society. There are environmental concerns like pollution and stereotypes are reinforced e.g. the 'MGZS' advert is very problematic since it is based on the construct of muscularity and it suggests that men are risk takers (Genetically Modified) and are sexual breeders (Testosterone Fuelled) which is sexist and excludes women from the advert. Similarly in the 'Lexus RX300' advert stereotypes of rich people are reinforced by presenting luxury and hunting which relates to prosperous people. This excludes large sections of the society, not only women but disabled people, ethnic minorities and so on.

Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma Review Essay

This book was the bases and the most informative piece I have seen on a review of Pocahontas life in my perspective. Pocahontas life is a difficult piece of history to analysis for the fact that her life is only denoted by other persons of history writings. She has no known piece of writing of her own so all knowledge is personal based of outside parties. This makes it for sometimes difficult to truly believe everything for many of the views were from white men during a time period where they had not seen many females weren’t around. I believe the author thesis of the book for the Pocahontas part was her involvement with the English and her growth throughout her life. The other thesis of the book from the Powhatan side was there involvement with the English as well and there plan to use the culture but at the same time push them away. Within the first five chapter of Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma it gives you a base review of history. This first part of the book it explains the culture of the Powhatan and how they are laid out. At this point in the book within the first chapter we find out that Pocahontas is only 9 years of age and her mother is nowhere to be found, but her father is Powhatan the chief of many native people and villages. It talks about the arrival of English in 1603 and we learn that many ships have come before us truly being to talk about John Smith and Jamestown. It also mention the arrival of Don Luis and the Spanish, but doesn’t get into much detail he just seems to pop up with the first few chapters her and there. We learn that Pocahontas name means â€Å"mischief† or the â€Å"little playful one.† The author tells us that the native were not completely different from the Europeans just simply behind the times. We also learn that within the native culture of the Powhatan that there chiefs do not come from the next up son, but from marriage of the daughters. We also learn that the Europeans felt that the women of the tribes need to be saved due to their work in the fields and other jobs around the village. It speaks of the native’s religion of their belief in spirits within everything. John Smith comes into play in 1606 when the English begin to prepare for the Virginia campaign. What I learn from John Smith was that he was a captain that has been captured a lot and has  numerous stories of being saved by women that fall lustful in love with. As kids watching films and stories we are told of Pocahontas is her and John Smith fall in love, but at the time of them meeting Pocahontas would’ve been ten years of age. The plans of the English and John Smith was to: improve native culture, use the land properly, get there before the Spanish, and bring English enlighten, and a place to send the unemployed English. One of the main fears that I read about in the reading was the fear of the English to become like the Indians. The term we learned in class for this is recolonization. After the landing John Smith gets taken by the Powhatan and convince them not to kill him by way of trade. He promises them weapons which out of smarts gives them a cannon which cannot be moved. Both the native and the English realize the need of each. Without one another the English could not survive without food and the natives want weapons or easier put there technology. Over time many English were sent to live with natives to learn their culture and a native would be sent with the English. The most notable was Pocahontas herself was sent with the English to learn their language and lifestyle. The book talks of Pocahontas marriage first to a native warrior, but it fails to mention what happens to him. She later marries John Rolfe an English man who experience much of the reverse colonization. Before her marriage though Pocahontas was kidnapped one of the main characters they looked over her kidnapping was Sir Thomas Dale who was the first Marshall of Virginia. Pocahontas would declare herself a Christian in 1616 and then start her life with John. They would build a log on the land John was granted from the Virginia Company. They would have two children together in their lifetime. Shortly after being settled in there Pocahontas would go to London and experience true English culture. Pocahontas would become very ill around the time the Rolfe family was ready to head back to Virginia. Pocahontas died on March 21, 1617 in the Rolfe inn. What I learned from this book that for someone of her time period and of native culture Pocahontas got to see much more than any Native American of her time period for sure. I learned that much of what we were taught or told of her in are childhood was wrong. I learned that john smith stories  could not be trusted. The feeling I receive as well is Pocahontas rejected her culture and tribe, but in return was probably rejected in a way due to her mother situation. Though she might have be royal in a way just from some of the information I read. The book was good though and I enjoyed the insist of Pocahontas life.

A List of Notorious Male Criminals from A-Z

A List of Notorious Male Criminals from A-Z Mumia Abu-Jamal MurdererAbu-Jamal murdered police officer Daniel Faulkner. His case became a platform for groups such as the anti-globalization movement, anti-death penalty groups, and the Black Nationalist movements who proclaim he is innocent. Mehmet Ali Agca Turkish AssassinMehmet Ali Agca shot Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981, in Saint Peters Square. Before the Pope John Paul died the two met face to face for over 30 minutes. John Eric Armstrong Serial Killer, RapistNo one could believe that the child-like face of John Eric Armstrong, nicknamed Opie by his navy friends, was really the face of a cold and calculating serial killer. Alejandro Avila Child Murderer, PedophileAvila was found guilty of kidnapping, sexually molesting and asphyxiating five-year-old Samantha Runnion. Gaetano Badalamenti Sicilian Mafia BossHe was the ringleader of a $1.65 billion dollar drug smuggling operation that imported heroin from the Middle East and cocaine from South America and distributed the drugs through U.S. mid-western pizzeria store fronts. Dennis Bagwell MurdererBagwell killed his mother and four others, including a four-year-old child, because his mother refused to give him money. Joe Ball and His Alligator Pond Serial KillerBall is suspected of killing as many as 20 women and feeding them to his pet alligators. Klaus Barbie The Butcher of LyonA Nazi war criminal, who was personally responsible for the torture and death of thousands of Jews, managed to evade execution for his war crimes by fleeing Europe to Bolivia with the assistance of U.S. intelligence agents. Nathaniel Bar-Jonah Child Predator, Torturer, CannibalNathaniel Bar-Jonah, a/k/a David Paul Brown, is a convicted child predator who is in prison after repeatedly molesting, torturing and attempting to murder children. He was also suspected of murdering a child then disposing of the body through cannibalistic ways that involved his unsuspecting neighbors. Cesar Barone Serial Killer, Sexual Predator, RapistThe profile of serial killer Cesar Barone, now on death row in Oregon, for raping and killing senior-aged women. Barone, at the age of 19, was suspected of raping and murdering by strangulation his 71-year-old neighbor while she was in bed. Robert Berdella Serial Killer, Sexual Predator, RapistAround the neighborhood, he was considered odd but was liked and participated in organizing a local community crime watch programs, but he was one of the most barbarous serial killers in U.S. history, who participated in vile acts of sexual torture and murder. David Berkowitz - The Son of Sam Serial KillerDavid Berkowitz, better known as Son of Sam, is an infamous 1970s New York City serial killer who killed six people and wounded several others claiming his neighbors dog was a demon who told him to do it. Kirk Douglas Billie Child MurdererMiccosukee Indian Kirk Douglas Billie, 36, was sentenced to life in prison for the drowning death of sons, Kurt, 5 and Keith, 3. His case became a large dispute over tribal sovereignty and the state of Florida. Arthur Gary Bishop Serial Killer, Pedophile, RapistArthur Gary Bishop went from being an honor student, Eagle Scout and teenage missionary to an obsessed pedophile and child killer which he later attributed to the pornography that he was exposed to while growing up. Ian Brady Serial Killer, Rapist, TorturerIan Brady and his girlfriend Myra Hindley were British serial killers, responsible for a series of child murders that became known as the Moors Murders. John Brown Political Activist - 1859Convicted of treason and hung after an attempt to take over an arsenal in Virginia in order to arm slaves was thwarted. H. Rap Brown MurdererAl-Amin aka H. Rap Brown in March 2000, fired on two police officers attempting to serve him a warrant on a minor theft charge. One of the officers died after Al-Amin shot an additional three shots into the wounded officer who was lying defenseless on the street. Kenneth Eugene Bruce Home Invasion, MurdererBruce brutally murdered a 55-year-old woman and attempted to kill her husband during a home invasion. Martin Bryant Mass MurdererMartin Bryant went on a killing spree in the popular tourist destination of Port Arthur, Tasmania. During the Port Arthur Massacre, Bryant murdered 35 people and injured 37 others. James J. Bulger FBI Most WantedBulger is wanted by the FBI for murder (18 counts), conspiracy to commit extortion, narcotics distribution, and other charges. Ted Bundy Serial Killer, Rapist, NecrophiliacHe was attractive, smart, and had a future in politics. He was also one of the most prolific serial killers in U.S. history. Bundy screamed his innocence until his death in the electric chair was imminent. Then he told just enough to show the true evil inside him. William L. Calley War CrimesLt. William L. Calley was convicted of the premeditated murder of 22 Vietnamese civilians during the March 16, 1968, incident known as the My Lai Massacre. Lt. Calley was the only person found guilty in the incident. Rae Carruth MurdererSports star Rae Carruth was found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder, shooting into an occupied vehicle and using an instrument to destroy an unborn child and was sentenced to 18-24 years in prison. Frank Ray Chandler MurdererChandler brutally beat a 90-year-old woman and left her to die in a pool of her blood. Norman Richard Cleary MurdererNorman Cleary and his accomplice scouted homes looking for one to break into and when it came to killing the housekeeper working inside, the pair didnt blink an eye. C-Murder MurdererCorey Miller is a popular rap singer known to his fans as C-Murder. He was convicted in the beating and fatal shooting of a 16-year-old fan who had the stars posters all over his bedroom wall. Barton Corbin Dentist indicted for murder.  Corbin is a Georgia dentist who has been indicted by two Georgia grand juries in the connection with the death of his wife and death of his former girlfriend and is being investigated for a third murder. Juan Corona Serial KillerJuan Corona was a labor contractor who went on a six-week murder spree, raping and killing 25 men he employed. Frank Costello Prime Minister of the UnderworldKnown for being one of the most politically connected members of the crime syndicate and referred to judges as My Boys. Tyrone Peter Darks Murderer, 9/11 FraudsterDarks hated his ex-wife, so much so that one day as she left the church he fatally shot and killed her. But his crimes did not stop there. Genero Espinosa Dorantes FBI Most WantedGenero Espinosa Dorantes is wanted by the FBI for unlawful flight to avoid prosecution and criminal homicide. John E. DuPont Millionaire Schizophrenic MurdererJohn E. DuPont was a sports wannabe who inherited millions and bought his status into the sporting world that his own physical capabilities could have never achieved. He was also insane and liked to play with guns, a combination that eventually led to murder. Marc Dutroux Serial Killer, Torturer, RapistMarc Dutroux, an unemployed electrician, and father of three, committed a series of kidnappings, rapes and murders of an unknown number of teenage girls. Dutroux and accomplices, including his wife, are considered among the vilest criminals in the history of Belgium. Colin Ferguson Mass MurderOn December 7, 1993, Colin Ferguson boarded a Long Island commuter train and began shooting the passengers with a Ruger P-89 9mm pistol. The incident known as the Long Island Railroad Massacre resulted in six people being killed and 19 injured. Robert William Fisher FBI Most WantedRobert William Fisher is wanted for allegedly killing his wife and two young children and then blowing up the house. Anthony Guy Fuentes MurdererFuentes, with two prior convictions for shooting people, was free on the streets to find his next victim who he killed over a case of stolen beer. John Wayne Gacy the Killer Clown Serial Killer, Torturer, RapistJohn Wayne Gacy was convicted of the torture, rape, and murder of 33 men between 1972 until his arrest in 1978. He was dubbed the Killer Clown because he entertained kids at parties as Pogo The Clown. Ed Gein Serial Killer, Grave Robber, Necrophiliac, CannibalThe Plainfield, Wisconsin police department had no idea of the grotesque world they were about to enter when they went to Ed Geins farm home to investigate the disappearance of a local woman. Geins crimes went down in history as some of the most encompassing murder, grave robbing, and cannibalism. Vito Don Vito Genovese Mafia, GangsterAnother mafia boss of bosses he was the head of the Genovese crime family who earned his reputation for being a prolific drug trafficker. Victor Manuel Gerena FBI Most WantedVictor Manuel Gerena is being sought in connection with the armed robbery of approximately $7 million from a security company in Connecticut. Andrew Gigante Gangster, MafiaSon of Genovese mobster, Vincent Chin Gigante, who became a messenger between his father and other Genovese mobsters when his father was imprisoned. Vincent Chin Gigante Boss of the Genovese FamilyThe press named him The Oddfather because of his habit of walking around in his robe talking to himself, hoping to plead insanity if ever arrested. Richard Steve Goldberg FBI Most WantedWanted for sexual exploitation of children, production of child pornography, plus unlawful flight to avoid prosecution. Glen Stewart Godwin FBI Most WantedGodwin escaped from Folsom State Prison in California, where he was serving a lengthy sentence for murder. Donald Pee Wee Gaskins Gaskins was the most prolific serial killer in South Carolina history. Once his brutality was unleashed, he knew no boundaries, torturing, killing, cannibalizing victims, both male and female. John Dapper Don Gotti Former Godfather of the Gambino FamilyGotti, known also as Teflon Don and later Velcro Don earned his way into power after planning the death of Paul Castellano. Dominique Jerome Green MurdererGreen and three other men took part in a series of robberies in the Houston area over a period of several hours ending in Green shooting a man with a Tech-9 semi-automatic gun over the money he had in his wallet a mere $50.00. Mark Hacking MurdererHacking shot his pregnant wife in the head while she slept and dumped her body in the garbage, where it was found five months later. Bobby Ray Hopkins MurdererHopkins killed two teenaged girls, stabbing and cutting them over 100 times presumably because they hurt his feelings. Jack The Ripper Serial KillerA serial killer murdered and mutilated at least five prostitutes in the East End of London in 1888. Because no one was ever arrested or tried for the murders, crime buffs are still fascinated with the case more than 115 years later. Michael Jackson Accused PedophileFound not guilty on charges of conspiracy to commit child abduction, false imprisonment and extortion, three counts of committing lewd acts upon a child, attempted lewd acts with a child, and four counts of administering intoxicating agents to assist in the commission of a felony. Edgar Ray Killen Murderer - Hate CrimeKillen, a reputed member of the Ku Klux Klan, in 2005, was found responsible for the shooting deaths of three civil rights workers who were registering black voters during the Freedom Summer of 1964. Edward Lewis Lagrone Murderer, Child RapistLagrone impregnated his ex-girlfriends ten-year-old daughter then killed the young girl and two of her elderly great aunts Pedro Alonso Lopez - The Monster of the Andes Lopez was one of the historys most horrific serial killers, but he was released from prison in 1998. Where is he now? Charles Lucky Luciano Mafia, GangsterIt is believed that Luciano was one of the most powerful men in organized crime and to this day his influence over the gangster activity in the USA still exists. Jeffrey MacDonald Child Murderer, MurdererOn February 17, 1970, a horrific crime took place outside of Fort Bragg in North Carolina. An army doctors wife and two children were savagely killed and the doctor wounded. The facts of this crime deviated with each legal hearing and opinions have been drawn like a duel at sunrise. Ynobe Katron Matthews Kidnapper, Rapist, MurdererMatthews kidnapped and sexually assaulted a 21-year-old girl then strangled her to death. Demarco Markeith McCullum Hate Crime, MurdererMcCullum and his friends beat, robbed, kidnapped and shot, execution style, a gay man they came across in a parking lot. McCullum later bragged that he felt like a judge because he had taken someones life. Frederick Patrick McWilliams Kidnapper, MurdererMcWilliams and friends attacked a homeless man sleeping in his car and killed him for no apparent reason. Scott Peterson MurdererPeterson murdered his pregnant wife and their unborn son and dumped the body in San Francisco Bay. His ex-mistress, Amber Frey, offered evidence that helped convict Peterson for the murder. Brian David Mitchell Mitchell, along with his wife Wanda Barzee, is accused of kidnapping 14-year-old Elizabeth Smart and holding her captive for nine months. Lorenzo Morris MurdererMorris attacked a 70-year-old man, cut his throat and bludgeoned him in the head with a hammer at the victims Houston home then robbed him. Robert Brice Morrow Kidnapper, MurdererMorrow kidnapped a 21-year-old college student, beat her, then cut her throat. She had 42 separate injuries at her time of death. Charles Chi-tat Ng Kidnapper, Torturer, Rapist, MurdererCharles Ng participated in the kidnapping, sadistic torture, slavery, rape and murder of numerous victims in one of the most infamous and costly murder cases in American history. Joe Elton Nixon Kidnapping, MurderJoe Nixon has been on death row in Texas for 19 years for the murder of 38-year-old Jeanne Bickner, who he tied to trees with jumper cables and set on fire. Dennis Rader - The BTK Strangler Serial Killer, Rapist, TorturerDennis Rader, the BTK murderer, confessed to his grisly crimes in a voice void of emotion and remorse, but with a hint of demented pride. Richard Ramirez - The Night Stalker Rapist, Torturer, Serial KillerSatanic worshipper, serial killer, and rapist, Richard Ramirez was named The Night Stalker, after terrorizing Los Angeles during a year-long killing and rape spree. He was convicted of 43 counts, including murder, burglary, sodomy, and rape. Johnny L. Robinson Kidnapper, Rapist, MurdererRobinson kidnapped, raped and shot a 31-year-old woman who he found stranded on the highway. John Glenn Roe Kidnapper, MurdererDonette, kidnapped, shot, and killed a young mother, then took her car and money and used information about the murder to try to get out of serving time for other crimes he committed. Michael Ross Serial Killer, RapistRoss, driven by sexually violent fantasies, brutally raped and murdered eight young girls. Raymond Dayle Rowsey MurdererRowsey shot six times into a 20-year-old store clerk, then viciously kicked the dying man for $57.54 in cash and some magazine. Charles Laverne Singleton MurdererSingleton stabbed to death a 31-year-old store owner who was one of the few people in his life who befriended him. Richard Speck - Born to Raise Hell Serial KillerThe words Born to Raise Hell were tattooed on the arm of the tall pocked-faced man with a southern drawl who entered a nursing students dormitory on a warm July night in 1966. Once inside he committed a series of crimes that shocked America. Chester Dewayne Turner Serial KillerPolice say Chester Dewayne Turner is the most prolific serial killer in the history of the city of Los Angeles. He was finally identified through extensive DNA testing. Who were his victims and the man who was mistakenly imprisoned for his crimes? Billy Frank Vickers Thief, MurdererVickers planned the robbery and murder of a local grocery store owner in Arthur City, Texas. Coral Eugene Watts - The Sunday Morning Slasher Serial KillerThe incredible story of serial killer Coral Eugene Watts, who confessed to over 80 murders, has admitted he will murder again, yet Texas could not keep him behind bars. Ward Weaver lll Kidnapper, Rapist, MurdererWeaver kidnapped, raped, and murdered his daughters friends, 12-year-old Ashley Pond and 13-year-old Miranda Gaddis, and hid their bodies in his backyard. Donald Eugene Webb FBI Most WantedWebb is being sought in connection with the murder of a police chief in Pennsylvania who was shot twice at close range after being brutally beaten about the head and face with a blunt instrument. Lewis Williams, Jr. Thief, MurdererWilliams beat a 76-year-old woman around the face and shoulders, shot her in the mouth, and stomped on her chest, leaving a bloody shoe print on her nightgown. Cameron Todd Willingham Baby MurdererWillingham killed his three babies and set the house on fire to cover up his crime. Windel Ray Workman Baby MurdererWorkman beat his girlfriends two-year-old daughter, Amber Holman, to death. She died of multiple blows to the head and stomach. Kevin Lee Zimmerman Thief, MurdererZimmerman brutally murdered a man in a hotel room for the purpose of robbing him of his money.

American Identity and the American Dream Essays

American Identity and the American Dream Essays American Identity and the American Dream Essay American Identity and the American Dream Essay The epoch that enveloped the 1920’s and 1930’s in urban America provided a rebirth of traditional folklore, African beats, and ultimate cultural revival in America. When the long days of extreme oppression towards those of color seemed to simmer down, many migrated north to escape their unfathomable pasts in the southern states. The Blacks’ final destination determined their nest of cultural thriving and prosperity. Specifically, Harlem, New York was transformed into a city of unique art and dance. The famous Apollo theater held many great singers who expressed their joy, woe, and newfound belonging in the city. Likewise, many writers and poets of black origin wrote about their â€Å"freedom† and stress for egalitarian standards that were hindered by Jim Crow law since 1874. â€Å"Separate but equal,† was an ideal that separated rightful American citizens of color from those of lighter complexions. Through the Harlem Renaissa nce, blacks could express their determination for recognition in American society as rightful citizens. Though, for some this idea, seemed uncertain. Great examples of the search and affirmation of American identity is seen in four works by Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Arna Bontemps James Weldon Johnson. Many can agree that the Harlem Renaissance was a catalyst for asserting an American identity, acknowledging blacks as an equal component of American societal structure, as well as questioning the possibility of attaining this goal. In Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"I, Too†, shows American patriotism on the behalf of the black populace. The speaker begins with his admiration of America through, â€Å"I, too, sing America.† (l). The opening line sets a hopeful tone for the scene depicted. The speaker mentions an account of injustice but does not allow this to quash his beliefs as a rightful American. After his sour encounter in the first stanza of being denied a place at the table, he plans to muster his courage

Proof reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proof reading - Essay Example The repetition of the word anything is to prove that there are a lot of things can be done over there. The corruption in Congo allowed people to kill and to do what ever they want. Those people knew that there is no one to judge them. The more time Marlow spend in the Congo, the more darkness he discovered over there. Going more into my reading, I realized that Kurtz is a man the people were scared of. Another thing that was interesting in the second part was the Russian. I always wonder why the Russian was there till I realized that he was helping Kurtz. Chris Hedges' War is a Force that Gives Us Meaning: Katie Pearman What I understood from Chris Hedges â€Å"War is a force that Give Us meaning† that Hedges did not mean the physical force where someone get forced to do something. Here the meaning of the force is when we change the meaning of what we have done. Force is more close to our feeling. For example, if someone did a bad thing to me, I might have the feeling that I w ant to be bad to him. The feeling could be the thing that forced me to be bad. The same thing happened in war where the winner is the hero. If we look to what this hero did in this war, we would find that he killed, wounded, and destroyed his enemy. The people waiting for this hero to come back will make a celebration for this hero and he would be greeted for what he has done. However when you might ask those people about what this soldier has done, they will say that he has defeated the enemy, which is for them different from killing the enemy. Those people have been forced according to Hedge’s book. After reading Chris Hedges book I have changed the way I look at things. Candle Holocaust Museum It was my first time to visit a holocaust museum. During my life so far I have never thought about what the Jew felt during holocaust; I just knew that it happened. Visiting this museum was a new experience to me. When I entered I saw a lot of certificates on the wall. Most of those certificates were for Eva one of the survivor of the holocaust. One of those certificates that belong to Eva Kor who was the â€Å"HERO OF FORGIVNESS.† I could not believe that there is someone who will forgive the people who killed his family or fellow members. I believe that Eva deserved this certificate because she had controlled her anger. When I was going over the museum, I found a part for the Nazi that has the Nazi flag and picture of Hitler. The presence of the Nazi section implied that Eva did not forget, but forgave the misdeeds that she had faced. I believe the purpose of this Museum is to educate people on how to forgive others and even a sinner. If people did not forgive each other; fight and war will become a part of their life. Revenge will initiate revenge. Eva is educating people because she want people to know that we as human being shall help each other to have a successful life. Levi ch 1-5 One of the most interesting passage and really close to me was the question that was asked, â€Å"If you and your child were going to be killed tomorrow, would you not give him to eat today? (15). My answer to this questing is â€Å"I don’t know.† knowing that you will die tomorrow may make someone suffer more than actual death. In this passage there is a child, which mean parents would not only think about them self; they have a child for whom they care and it will make them suffer even more. Levi wants to show what really happened in those death camps. Also, he wants to transmit

Unilever's participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Essay

Unilever's participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil - Essay Example For the past years usage of palm oil has significantly increased and continues to grow. Today consumption of palm oil became 10 times more than it was in 1980. The World Wide Fund for Nature predicts that in 5 years the consumption of palm oil will double, thus making this industry very profitable and beneficial (What is palm oil? n.d.). Palm oil industry, being a profitable business and contributing to the economy of the producers' countries, makes negative impact on environment. The main results of such impact are deforestation (the forests are cut to increase the number of palm oil plantations), climate change (as a result of deforestation), air and water pollution, soil erosion (as fire is usually a mean of deforestation, and palm oil mills produce significant amounts of effluents), species extinction (as a result of climate change and environmental pollution), human health worsening (as a result of climate change and pollution) (What is palm oil? n.d., Sustainable and responsibl e palm oil n.d., Palm oil n.d., Basiron 2014). Because of the negative impact of palm oil industry, the world community started to talk about the necessity to attract attention of this business to the problems, make it sustainable and encourage the corporations, which deal with palm oil industry, to be responsible for their actions. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be viewed as a concept, according to which enterprises take into account interests of society, where they operate, and take responsibility for the influence of their activity on environment, society, workers and other stakeholders.